tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9764304724131536092024-02-19T06:15:24.425+03:00مجمع اللغة العربية الافتراضيمجمع افتراضي مفتوح للغة العربية بإشراف أ.د. عبدالرزاق بن فراج الصاعدي.
رسالته: خدمة اللغة العربية وأساليبها ولهجاتها
المدينة المنورةUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger301125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-7172809371871466452023-02-24T13:13:00.002+03:002023-02-24T13:13:48.038+03:00يقرأ من اليسار ! (١)<p> <span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">ي</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">ُ</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">قرأ</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">ُ</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;"> م</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">ِ</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">ن</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">َ</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;"> الي</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">َ</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">سار</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;">!</span><span class="s2" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 21.6px; text-align: center;"> (1)</span></p><p class="s4" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="line-height: 21.6px;"> </span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">تتباين اللغات في طريقة </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">القراءة ،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ومنشأ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> البدء ،، فمنها ما يكون </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ا</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">بت</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">د</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">اؤه من اليمين </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">كلغتنا العربية</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، ومنه ما</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">يكون من اليسار </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الإنجليزية ،، ولأن هذه المقالة مكتوبة باللغة العربية فحتما </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ستكون </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ا</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ل</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">قراءة </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ف</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">يها من اليمين ، كما تفعله أنت أيها القارئ.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ماذا لو واصلت مش</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ار القراءة مع</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ي هنا</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، ثم في نقطة معينة غامضة، عصيّة على الظهور</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> عند كثيرين،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">اكتشفت</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ لوحدك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> أنك ستنتقل</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">للقراءة من اليسار،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وأما غيرك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> فقد فاتتهم اللمحة المشع</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ة التي </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">انقدحت</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> في ذهنك فنقلت</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> تلقائيا إلى اليسار.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">وسأسرد شيئا من </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الحكايا</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وأورد </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">شذرات من</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> الأفكار، و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">تحدث عن بعض الشخصيات من العرب والعجم، فك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ُ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ن</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ْ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> على درجة بالغة من التركيز، حتى توافق تلك اللحظة </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ال</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">مستبطنة في تضاعيف هذ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ه</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">المق</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ال</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ة</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ولربما </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">سألتني</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> سؤالا </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">مهما ،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، مفاد</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ُ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ه: هل من أهمية لكشف تلك اللحظة</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">؟</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">.</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> هل من عائد مجزٍ يعود </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">عليّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">؟</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">.</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">لم</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> تتعبني في استجماع القوى حتى أظفر بلحظتك الحالمة والتي فاتت الجاحظ وطويت عن التوحيدي</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">- </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">المعرّي لا يدخل معنا فهو رهين محبسه-</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> بل لم تظهر لواحد من يهود أوربا في لغتهم </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">اليدشية</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> أو من كان منهم عارفا بالعبرية أو السريانية، ولا في حذّاق الفرس في </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">فارسيتهم</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ومن جاورهم من البشتو والأردو</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">؟</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> .</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">وقبل أن أعطيك المجال لتتحدث</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">- الكلام للقارئ- أود أن أعكس السؤال هل سبق أن ظهرت لجوته أو فولتير أو </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">كافكا</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> لحظة قرائية أشارت إليهم سريعا بالانتقال إلى </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">اليمين ؟</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> أ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> أن هذا خاص</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> بنا، واللحظة يسارية</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ثابتة</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ضربة لازب.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ثم آتي أنا القارئ العربي المسكين ليفتحَ سمسم</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ُ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> أبواب</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> لحظته، ف</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">تجه</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ُ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ذات</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> اليسار مع فقري وعدم </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">يساري</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">؟!</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"></span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"></span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">انتهى سؤال </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">القارئ ،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وحتما من حق</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ه أن </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">جيبه ، ولكن ربما من حق</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ي أيضا أن أؤخ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ر الإجابة ، فقبلها كلام مهم ، ومن أهميته أن</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ه</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> مفتاح الإجابة وركيزتها.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">على أنك أيها القارئ ما شرعت</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> في قراءة هذه </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">المقالة</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> إلا وأنت تملك بعض الثقة في </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">كاتبها</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، فل</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ِ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">م </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">هذا الاهتزاز وعدم </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الوثوقية</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">حتى أحسست</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> بأنك ستصرف جهدا في مقابل شيء غامض</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">؟</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> .</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">. صدقني</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">:</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أن</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ت</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> تجعل </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">من</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> هذا </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">مغامرة ممتعة ورحلة ماتعة، </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">سيهو</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ن عليك الأمر</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">وسيرفع معدل التفاؤل عندك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وستكون أقرب من غيرك لالتقاط ر</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">س اللحظة وق</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ُ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ر</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">نها قبل أن تقع كاملة بين يديك أو مقابل عينيك.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">هيّا توكل على الله، وواصل فستقرأ بعد قليل أخبارًا مدهشة عن التوحيدي في سيرته المتقل</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">بة، وذكائه المبهر، وتضارب</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ِ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> آراء الناس في صدقه أو كذبه وإيمانه أو ...</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">.. ،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وضعت تلك النقاط لأن</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> رمي الناس بالاتهامات الكبيرة ليس من جبلتي وطبيعتي ولا من ما تعلمته </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">خ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">لال مشوار التعلم في حياتي.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">من قرأ الإمتاع والمؤانسة عرف أدب</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> الرجل ومكانته في العربية، وسيرتفع</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ُ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> أكثر</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">َ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> في عين الق</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ارئ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> حين ي</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ُ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">تبع الإمتاع بالبصائر والذخائر، وهو مشوار ليس باليسير، ف</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">عش</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">رة من المجلدات بحاجة إلى وقت يناسبها، ولقد أحسنت المحققة وداد قاضي في تحقيق هذا الكتاب، ولربما كان أبرز عمل </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">قدمته، وافتخرت به ومازالت _ </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">وداد ما زالت </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">على قيد الحياة</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> حتى كتابة هذه الأسطر</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> في حدود علمي</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> _ ومن قرأ مقدمتها و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">عرف </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الجهد الذي بذلته أدرك ذلك لا محالة. ولقد أثنى </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ستاذها المحقق الكبير والعالم الفاضل إحسان عباس على جهدها، وكان له دور في خروج هذا العمل، فقد كان يمد</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ها </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">بعدد </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">من </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ال</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">مخطوطات و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ال</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">وثائق</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> المهمة والنادرة</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، حتى خرج العمل زهيا </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">مبهجا .</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"></span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">عودة إلى كتب التوحيدي فليس الكتابان الس</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ا</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">بقان هما فقط ما يمكن أن يثن</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ى</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> بهما على </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">التوحيد</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ي</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أمامك كمٌّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> كبير</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> من نفائس ما كتب في تاريخ النثر الأدبي: </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الصداقة والصديق</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وأخلاق الوزيرين ، والمقابسات، والهوامل والشوامل وغيرها كثير !</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">على كل حال لا أود أن أسترسل في الكلام عن التوحيدي ، ولكني سأنقل لك قطوفا من عباراته المحلّقة التي لا يكتبها أيّ أحد وستكون مرقمة كما يأتي :</span></p><div class="s7" style="font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 54px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36px;"><span style="line-height: 21.6px;">1- </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">من ابتهالاته </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">لربه :</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ( </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">اللهم إني أسألك خفايا لطفك، وفواتح توفيقك، ومألوف برّك، وعوائد إحسانك، وأسألك القناعة برزقك، والرضا بحكمك، والنزاهة عن </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">محظورك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، والورع في شبهاتك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ).</span></div><div class="s7" style="font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 54px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36px;"><span style="line-height: 21.6px;">2- </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">في وصف الصوت </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الجميل :</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ( </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">إن الصوت الجميل يسرقك من نفسك و يعيدك إليك .. يأخذك و يردك</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">) .</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">.</span></div><div class="s7" style="font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 54px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36px;"><span style="line-height: 21.6px;">3- </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">وفي شان الحوار والنقاش مع </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الأصدقاء :</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ( </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">إنّ في المحادثة تلقيحًا للعقول، وترويحًا للقلب، وتسريحًا للهمّ، وتنقيحًا للأدب</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">) ..</span></div><p class="s8" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px 54px 0px 36px; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 21.6px;"> </span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">كان من </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">إ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">شكال</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ا</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ت التوحيدي أنه ربما قصد شيئا فعاد بالضرر</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> عليه</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> و بغير ما </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">أراد ،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> فحي</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ن</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> أراد بيان</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> تألهه</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">و</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">رغبته فيما عند الله في تلك الالفاظ المفعمة بالإيمان كما في ابتهالاته الكثيرة، إلا أن</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> حشو</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ه</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">في </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">كتبه </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ببعض </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">عبارات الت</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ردد</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> والتشكيك، جعلت كث</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ي</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">رين يتهمونه بالزندقة، فجمع بهذا بين الإيمان وضد</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ّ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ه ، ونال الثناء والقدح معا.</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">يذكرني هذا بكلام بورخيس عن بعض الكتب التي يريد صاحبها شيئا وتأتي بخلافه (قبل أن أكمل مقولة بورخيس </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ربما تساءلتَ هل مرتْ لحظة الانتقال، ففاز بها غيرك </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">وخسرتَها ؟</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> اطمئن يا صديقي لم تأت بعد!)</span></p><p class="s6" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">يقول بورخيس: (هناك من الكتب التي قرأتها، كتاب النار لهنري </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">باربيس</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">، لقد كتب </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">صاحبنا ،</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وفي نيته ذمّ الحرب، فإذا بالنتيجة تأتي تقريبا أشبه ما تكون بتمجيد الحرب! ).</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> وأجابه على الفور صديقه </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">ساباتو</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">بقوله :</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> ( لقد اقترح </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">سارمينتو</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> على نفسه أن يؤلف كتابا ضد التوحّش ، فانتهت به المسألة إلى تأليف كتاب متوحش!).</span></p><p class="s8" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px 54px 0px 36px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">القارئ</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">الكريم</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> .</span><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;">. أعتذر إليك ،، فأنا مضطر للتوقف هنا ، على أن أكمل في مقالة تالية ،، وفيها سرد موجز لشيء من عظمة المتنبي وتعاظمه ، وستقف بنفسك على أن هذا الشأن وتلك الحال عند المتنبي ،، لم يسجل التاريخ في تلك الحقب مثلها بل ولا قريبا منها .. فإلى ذلك الوقت في حفظ الله ورعايته.</span></p><p class="s8" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px 54px 0px 36px; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 21.6px;"> </span></p><p class="s8" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin: 0px 54px 0px 36px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s9" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.200001px;"><span class="bumpedFont15" style="font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 28.799999px;">د. </span></span><span class="s9" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.200001px;"><span class="bumpedFont15" style="font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 28.799999px;">عبدالله</span></span><span class="s9" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.200001px;"><span class="bumpedFont15" style="font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 28.799999px;"> الشهري </span></span><span class="s9" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.200001px;"><span class="bumpedFont15" style="font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 28.799999px;">–</span></span><span class="s9" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.200001px;"><span class="bumpedFont15" style="font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 28.799999px;"> الرياض المأنوس </span></span></p><p class="s10" style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 21.6px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 54px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s5" style="direction: rtl; font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; line-height: 21.6px;"> </span></p>د. عبدالله الشهريhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14349614737689669807noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-89932908585218026422021-06-05T11:11:00.003+03:002021-06-05T11:14:45.252+03:00(حَيْرَما) بمعنى رُبَّما رأيٌ فيما رواه أبو عمرو الشّيبانيّ في الجيم<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(حَيْرَما)
بمعنى رُبَّما <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رأيٌ
فيما رواه أبو عمرو الشّيبانيّ في الجيم<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتبه/
عبدالرزاق الصاعدي<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">20/
10/ 1442هـ 1/ 6/ 2021م<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">روى
أبو عمرو الشّيبانيّ (ت 209هـ)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في
الجيم،<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>عن بعض رواته الأعراب </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">–</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولم
يسمّه- لفظًا نادرًا فسّره تفسيرًا غريبًا، وهو (حَيْرَما) وزعم راويه الأعرابيّ
أنّه بمعنى (رُبّما)، واستشهد له الراوي أو الشيباني ببيتٍ عزاه لأبي ثور، وهذا
نصّ الجيم: «وقال: حَيْرَما؛ أي: رُبّما؛ قال أبو ثور:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td style="height: 39.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 181.3pt;" valign="top" width="242">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تَبَدّلَ أُدْمانَ الظِّبــاءِ وحَيْرَما <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<td style="height: 39.35pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 181.35pt;" valign="top" width="242">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">فأَصْبَحْتُ في أطلالها اليَوْمَ حامِسَا»</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 15pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;">1</span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;">)</span></span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">ولم
يرد هذا اللفظ بهذا المعنى في المعاجم المتقدّمة، وظهوره الأول في معاجم الألفاظ
كان في القاموس المحيط للفيروزي (ت 817هـ)، قال: «حَيْرَما، أي: رُبَّما»</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">2</span></span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">)</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">،
ونقله ابن معصوم (ت 1119هـ) في الطراز الأوّل في مادة (ح ي ر)، والزَّبيديّ (ت
1205هـ) في التاج في مادة (ح ي ر)، وقال الكفويّ (ت 1094هـ) في الكليات: «وحَيْرَ ما
أرى: بمعنى رُبّما»</span></span><sup style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15pt;">(</sup><sup style="font-size: 15pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">3</span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;">)</span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وسَكتَتْ
عنه كتبُ النحو قاطبة، وهي من مظانّه لو صحّ، فالنحويون يذكرون رُبّ ورُبّما في أبواب
الأدوات وحروف المعاني وما يجري مجراها، و(حيرما) -إن صحّت- مثل رُبّما في المعنى
والتركيب، (حير) و(ما)، وللنحويين حديث عن (ما) في رُبّما أكافّة هي أم غير كافّة،
وكذلك (ما) في حَيْرَما، لو وردت عن العرب.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما
الشاهد الذي أورده أبو عمرو فلا يصحّ الاستشهاد به على معنى ربّما، فـ(حَيْرَما)
هو الحَيْرَم: البقر، وهو معطوف على أُدْمان الظباء، ولما كان نكرة منصوبة قال:
حَيْرَمَا، فالألف للنصب، وليست من الكلمة. ويروى في بعض المصادر:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تبَدَّلَ أُدْمًا من ظِّباءٍ وحَيْرَما<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">والرواية
الأولى التي رواها أبو عمرو وغيره هي الأكثر في المصادر، وهي في ديوان عمرو بن
معدي كرب الزبيدي</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">4</span></span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">)</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">،
وهو له في بعض المصادر</span></span><sup style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15pt;">(</sup><sup style="font-size: 15pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">5</span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;">)</span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">
من قصيدة سينيه، مطلعها مع البيت بعده:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 8.45pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لِمَنْ طَلَلٌ بالعَمْقِ
أَصْبَحَ دارِسا<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 8.45pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 8.45pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تَبَدَّلَ آرامًا وعِينًا
كَوانِسا<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<td style="height: 45.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 174.9pt;" valign="top" width="233">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 8.45pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">تبَدَّلَ أُدْمانَ الظِّبـاءِ وحَيْرَما<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<td style="height: 45.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 12.35pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 8.45pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 10%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: red; font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<td style="height: 45.65pt; mso-height-rule: exactly; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 174.25pt;" valign="top" width="232">
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.0pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 8.45pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">فأَصبحتُ في أَطلالها اليَوْمَ حامِسَا<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">فالشاهد
كما ترى للحَيْرَم بمعنى البقر، ولا يستقيم شاهدًا لمعنى رُبّما. قال ابن سيده: «الحَيْرَمُ:
البَقر، واحدتُها حَيْرَمة»</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">6</span></span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">)</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأمّا
الأُدْمانُ فوصفٌ للظباء وغيرها، واشتقاقه من الأُدْمة، وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">لونٌ
مُشْرَبٌ سَوادًا أو بَياضًا، وهي في الإِبِل البَياضُ مع سَوادِ المُقْلَتَيْن، وهي
في النَّاس السُّمْرة الشَّدِيدَة، ومنه قالوا: آدَمُ وأُدْمٌ وأُدْمانٌ، قال ابن
فارس: يُقَالُ: ظَبْيَةٌ أُدْمَانَةٌ وظِبَاءٌ أُدْمَانٌ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">7</span></span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">)</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">،
وأنكر ابن سيده أُدمانة، بالتاء، قال: «الأُدْمانُ: جَمْعٌ كأَحْمَرَ وحُمَرانٌ، وأَنْتَ
لا تَقُول: حُمْرانَةٌ ولا صُفْرانَةٌ. وكان أبُو عِليٍّ يقول: بُنِيَ من هذا الأصل
فُعلانة كخُمْصانة»</span></span><sup style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15pt;">(</sup><sup style="font-size: 15pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">8</span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;">)</span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">،
وقال: «والأُدْمُ من الظِّباءِ: ظِباءٌ بِيضٌ تَعُلُوها جُدَدٌ فيها غُبْرَةٌ... وقد
قالوا في جَمْعِه: أُدْمانٌ، والأُنْثَى أَدْماءٌ، وجَمْعُها أُدْمٌ... وقولُ ذي الرُّمَّة:<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">والجِيدِ
من أَدْمانَةٍ عَتُودُ</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">9</span></span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">)</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">عِيبَ
عليهِ، فقيل: إنّما يُقال: هي أَدْماءٌ»</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">(</span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">10</span></span><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">)</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh;"><span style="font-size: 15pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا
معنى الأُدْمان، وبه يتّضح أنّ القول بأن (حَيْرَما) بمعنى ربّما وهمٌ من الأعرابي
أو أبي عمرو. ويتّضح أيضًا- أنّ مَعجمتها بهذا المعنى باطلة ولا تصحّ، وأن ما جاء
في القاموس المحيط وبعض شروحه وفي الكليات الكفويّ باطل واغترار بما في الجيم أو
من نقل عنه، وأنّ مَعجمته في جذر (ح ي ر) باطلة أيضًا، وموضعه (ح ر م). والله
أعلم.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL"><span dir="LTR"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">1</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) الجيم1/ 205.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">2</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) القاموس (ح ي ر) 1/ 488.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">3</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) الكليات 409.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">4</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) ص 125.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">5</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) ينظر: العباب (حدس) 81، واللسان (حدس) 6/ 47، والتاج (حدس) 15 /
528.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">6</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) المحكم (حرم) 3/ 248. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">7</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) المقاييس (برق) 1/ 227.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">8</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) المحكم (أدم) 10/ 98.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">9</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) ديوانه 1/ 359، وفيه: عنود، مكان عتود.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoFootnoteText" dir="RTL"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/alharbi%20Dropbox/A%20alsaedi/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89%20%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%91%D9%85%D8%A7.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""></a><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span>(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">10</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 12.0pt;">) المحكم (أدم) 10/ 98.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-72264272571752819062021-04-28T11:58:00.002+03:002021-04-28T11:58:34.746+03:00عَرّامُ بن الأَصْـبَغ السُّلميّ ابنُ الحجاز العارفُ بمواضعِهِ وسكانِهِ<p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عَرّامُ
بن الأَصْـبَغ السُّلميّ<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ابنُ الحجاز العارفُ بمواضعِهِ وسكانِهِ <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عبدالرزاق
الصاعدي<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">26
شعبان 1442هـ<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يُعدّ عَرّامٌ السُّلمي من أقدم البلدانيين
الذين عرفهم تراثنا، وهو من رواة اللغة المتقدمين الأثبات، ينقل عنه اللغويون في معاجمهم
كما ينقل عنه البلدانيون، وهو عمدتهم في مواضع تهمامة الوسطى والحجاز. له كتاب (أسماء
جبال تهامة وسكانها وما فيها من القرى وما ينبت عليها من الأشجار وما فيها من المياه)
أملاه على أبي الأشعث الكندي، وعنه نقل البلدانيون.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فمَنْ
عرّامٌ هذا؟ وما موطنُهُ؟ وهل هو ثقة في المواضع وسكانها؟<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هو
عَرّام بن الأَصْبَغ السُّلميّ، من الأعراب الرّواة المتقدمين العارفين باللغة ومواضع
تهامة والحجاز، تدلّ القرائن على أنّه ولد في القرن الثاني وعاش الشطر الأكبر من
حياته في القرن الثالث، لا يُعرف تاريخ مولده ولا سنة وفاته على وجه التحقيق، ينقل
عنه أبو الأشعث عبدالرحمن الكندي والسَّكُوني وأبو تراب اللغوي ولُغْدة الأصفهاني
وأبو عبيد البكري ومحمد بن موسى الحازمي وياقوت الحموي وغيرهم، ووَرَد اسمُه في
إشارات متفرّقة في عدد من المصادر، يصفونة فيها بـ (الأعرابي)، وبـ (البدوي) أحيانًا،
ولم يفرده أحد من المتقدّمين بترجمة، سوى إشارات عابرة، منها إشارة في الفهرست، إذ
ذكره النديمُ في فصحاء الأعراب الذين سَمِع منهم العلماء (الفهرست 53 تحقيق رضا تجدّد)
وإشارة في إنباه الرواة للقفطي، إذ ذكره في الأعراب الرواة الذين دخلوا الحاضرة (إنباه
الرواة 4/ 120، 122). ووَرَد اسمه في جملة صالحة من النقولات اللغوية في معجم
العين للخليل تزيد عن خمسين نصًّا، أدخلها الليث في حشو العين فيما يظهر، ووَرَد
اسمه في مرويات في التهذيب للأزهري، أخذ بعضها عن الليث، وأخذ بعضها عن أبي تراب
اللغوي صاحب كتاب الاعتقاب في اللغة، أحصيتها حين كتبتُ بحثي عن أبي تراب هذا،
ووَرَد اسم عرّام في <span style="display: none; mso-hide: all;">روله </span>نصوص متفرّقة
في المعاجم الكبيرة، كالعباب واللسان والتاج. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال
عبدالعزيز الميمني محقّق كتاب عرّام: «وممّا لا أكاد أقضي منه العَجَب أنّ أحدًا من
أصحاب التراجم لم يذكر عَرّامًا»(بحوث وتحقيقات عبدالعزيز الميمني 1/ 466) يريد: أنّ
أحدًا لم يذكره بترجمة صريحة، مع أنّه عُمدةُ البلدانيين في الحجاز وتهامة، ومن
رواة اللغة الثقات المتقدمين. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL"><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأين وُلد عرّامٌ وأين
نشأ؟ <o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرى
عاتقٌ البلادي أنّ عرّامًا وُلد ونشأ في خراسان فيما يعرف اليوم بإيران، وقال في
سياق نقده عرّامًا في أحد المواضع: «إنّ عرّامًا لم ير الحجاز ولا مشى فيه!»(محراث
التراث 27) وقال: «إنّ عرّامًا رغم أنّه سُلمي وُلد ونشأ ببلاد ما يُعرف اليوم
بإيران»(محراث التراث 14) هكذا، وهو قول مستغرب من البلادي الذي عرفناه محقّقًا ومُدقّقًا،
فكيف يقول هذا دون دليل ولا سند من قول ولا علّة ولا قرينة، فإنّ كانت المصادر
سكتت عن ترجمة مفصّلة لعرّام فإنّ النصوص والأوصاف الواردة فيه ناطقة بأنّه نشأ
بالبادية وتمرّس باللغة وعرف بلاد قومه سُليم وأوديتها ومياهها وشجرها، ثم حين برع
في حفظ اللغة وصَفَتْ سليقته وطاف ببلاد قومه وخَبَر مواضعَها وخَبَر سكّانَها
خبرةَ الحاذق الفَطِن صار أهلا لأنْ يكون من الأعراب الذين ينتخبهم ابن طاهر
ويستقدمهم إلى نيسابور بخراسان بعد سنة 217هـ ليكون مُربّيًا ومُعلمًا. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أمّا
الوهم أو<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الأوهام التي أخذها عاتق البلادي
في كتاب عرّام وجعلها دليلا على رأيه الغريب فلا يخلو منها كتاب بلدان، وحتى
بلدانيات البلادي نفسه لم تخل من الأوهام، مع أن أدوات البحث والاطلاع والتنقّل
مواتية له أكثر من عرّام وياقوت بمراحل كثيرة، ومع نقده عرّامًا نراه يعتمد على
كثير من نصوصه، في معجمه الكبير (معجم معالم الحجاز)، وينقل النصوص التي أشارت إلى
سُكنى الأنصار في الديار التي ذكرها عرّام، إما نقلا مباشرًا أو بواسطة، دون أن يُنكر
عليه شيئًا منها، كما سيأتي.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقول
الصحيح</span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> الذي تؤيّده الأدلّة والقرائن أنّ
عرّامًا نشأ بالبادية بين ظهراني قومه قبيلة سُليم الحجازية التّهامية، كما يظهر
من أقوال العلماء المحقّقين، أمثال القفطي وياقوت الحموي وعبدالعزيز الميمني وخير
الدين الزركلي وعبدالسلام هارون، وتعضّده الأوصافُ التي وُصِف بها عرّامٌ، وهي أنه
(أعرابي) و(بدوي) و(من الأعراب الذين دخلوا الحاضرة) ويعضّده أيضًا علمه الغزير بمواضع
تهامة والحجاز، وأنه يَصدر في وصفها عن نفسه ولا ينقل عن غيره. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإليكم
أقوال العلماء التي تثبت ذلك:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">ذكر
القفطي جماعةً من (الأعراب الذين دخلوا الحاضرة)، ومنهم عرّام السُّلمي
(إنباه الرواة 4/ 120، 122)، وقوله (دخلوا الحاضرة) صريح بأنهم كانوا في
ديارهم في أوّل أمرهم، ثم دخلوا الحاضرة، للاسترزاق والتكسّب بما يحفظونه من لغةٍ
ومعارفَ في البلدان والأنساب. </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration-line: underline;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">2-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">وعرض
ياقوت في رسم (ثافل) لمعنى نبات (الأَيْدَع) عند عَرّام، وهو شجر يشبه الدُّلْب، وذكر أنّ اللغويين غير
عرّامٍ مختلفون فيه، فأخذ ياقوت بقول عرّام، وقال (معجم البلدان 2/ 71): «والصواب عندنا
قول عَرّام؛ لأنّه بدويّ من تلك البلاد، وهو أعرف بشجر بلاده، ونِعم الشاهدُ
على قول عرّامٍ قول كثيّر حيث قال:</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كأنَّ
حُمُولَ القَوْمِ حِينَ تَحَمَّلُوا <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>صَرِيمَةُ
نَخْلٍ أو صَرِيمةُ أَيْدَعِ»<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذا صريح بأن عرّامًا
عاش في الحجاز أوّل أمره قبل أن ينتقل إلى خراسان، وياقوت بلدانيّ ومؤرّخ ومحقّق،
يعرف عرّامًا ويعرف الديار التي نشأ بها. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكر
ياقوت في معجم الأدباء في ترجمة أبي سعيد الضرير أنّ عبدالله بن طاهر –وكان ولّاه المأمون
خراسان سنة 217 هـ- استقدم جماعة من الأعراب منهم عرّام، لتأديب أولاد القادة، قال
ياقوت: «قال السّلاميّ: حدّثني أبو العبّاس محمّد بن أحمد الغضاريّ، قال حدثني عمّي
محمد بن الفضل، وكان قد بلغ مائة وعشرين سنة، قال: لما قدم عبد الله بن طاهر نيسابور
وأقدمَ معه جماعةً من فرسان طرسوس وملطية، وجماعةً من أدباء الأعراب، منهم عرّام
وأبو العميثل وأبو العيسجور وأبو العجنّس وعوسجة وأبو العذافر وغيرهم، فتفرّس أولاد
قوّاده وغيرهم بأولئك الفرسان، وتأدّبوا بأولئك الأعراب، وبهم تخرّج أبو سعيد
الضرير، واسمه أحمد بن خالد، وكان وافى نيسابور مع عبد الله بن طاهر، فصار بهم إمامًا
في الأدب» (معجم الأدباء 1/ 254). وهذا صريح في جلبهم من البادية لذلك الغرض الذي
ذكره ياقوت، وأنّهم لم يولدوا في خراسان ولم ينشأوا بها.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
عبدالعزيز الميمني عن كتاب عرّام وقد حقّقه: إنه «أوّل ما كتَبَهُ العربُ في البلدان،
أو في جغرافيا الحجاز وتهامة، أملاه في مبتدإ القرن الثالث رجلٌ طاف بلادها وبقاعها،
وخِرِّيت جاب أغوارها ونجادها، وذاق من ثمارها وشرب من عيونها وبئارها، وخالط أحياءها
وقبائلها، وسلك فجاجها ورَقِيَ قواعلَها، فقتل أرضها خِبرةً وخبرا، ووصف كلَّ ما فيها
كما شاء وعلى ما رأى:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذا قال لم يترك مقالا لقائل بمُلتَقطاتٍ لا تَرَى بينها فَضلا</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كفى وشفى ما في النفوس فلم يَدَعْ </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 30.6667px; text-indent: -18pt;"> لذي إربةٍ في القول جِدًّا ولا هزلا</span><b style="text-align: right; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 20pt;">»</span></b></p><p></p><p></p><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 20pt; text-align: justify;"><span> <span> </span></span>والميمني محقّق مدقّق،
ولم يقل هذا القول الصّريح في موطن عرّام ومنشئه إلا عن خبرة به <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>وبكتابه<span> </span>الذي حقّقه،
وعرف ما فيه كلمة كلمة.</span><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="8" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.1pt;"></table><p>
</p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
خير الدين الزِّرِكلي في الأعلام: «عرّام بن الأَصْبَغ السّلمي: <u>ثقة في معرفة جبال
تهامة وقراها وسكانها، كان أعرابيًّا من بني سليم، تنقّل في جهات تهامة</u>، ووضع
كتابًا». (الأعلام 4/ 223) </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
عنه عبدالسلام هارون في تحقيقه لكتابه: «ويبدو أنه <u>كان أحد أعراب بني سُليم ممن
كانوا يطوفون بالبلدان ويتعرّفون مسالكها، فيكتسبون بذلك خبرة صادقة</u>». (أسماء
جبال تهامة وسكانها ضمن نوادر المخطوطات 2/ 378).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تلك
أقوال صريحة -كما ترى- قالها علماء عرفوا عرّاما واتصلوا بعلمه بسبب، وهي تشير إلى
نشأته في ديار قومه سُليم بالحجاز وتهامة. وقد كان كتابه في المواضع والأودية
والمياه والجبال والنبات وأهل الديار موضع تقدير وترحيب من علماء البلدانيات
جميعهم، كلُغدة الأصفهاني وأبي عبيد البكري والحازمي وياقوت الحموي، نقلوا عنه،
وهو عندهم ثقة فيما يصف، ونقل عنه اللغويون أشتاتًا متفرّقة من اللغة في معاجمهم،
وهم في الجملة يثقون في البدو الفصحاء الذين يجيئون من البادية ويدخلون العراق
وخراسان. ومن المؤكّد أنّ معارف عرّام البلدانية واللغوية أهّلته لأن يكون من <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">صفوة الأعراب الذين يُستقدمون لتعليم أولاد
القادة والولاة في نيسابور زمن ابن طاهر، وكانت نزعته إلى الترحال والاطلاع على
المواضع وحاجته إلى الكسب سببًا من أسباب قصده العراقَ وخراسان. </span><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإن
وَهِم عرّام في بعض المواضع من كتابه -كما يقول البلادي- فليس أوّلَ الواهمين ولا
آخرَهم، وأين البلداني القديم الذي لا يهم ولا يخطئ؟ وهل سلمت كتب الهمداني ولُغدة
والبكري والحازمي وياقوت من الأوهام والأخطاء في المواضع؟ ثم لعلّ بعض ما في كتاب
عرام كان من أثر النساخ واضطراب النسخ، وهي كثيرة الاضطراب والتفاوت، قال الميمني:
«ويظهر بعد مقابلة الروايتين أنّ نسخ الكتاب كانت مختلفة جِدَّ اختلافٍ منذ قديم،
وقد أورث هذا الاختلاف المتوارَث، إلى اختلافات الورّاقين، وتصحيفات النُسّاخ الحادثة،
تضاربًا في الأقوال والمذاهب فاحشًا، وتشتتًا في تسمية الأماكن والبقاع وغيرها، وضبطُها
ووصفُها وتحديدُها غير هَيِّن»(بحوث وتحقيقات عبدالعزيز الميمني 1/ 468).<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">وأختم ببعض ما قاله عرّام في سكان الحجاز:<o:p></o:p></span></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">قال عرام: «ومن عن يسار الطريق مقابلا قُدسًا الأسود
جبل من أشمخ ما يكون، يقال له (آرة) وهو جبل أحمر تخرّ من جوانبه عيون، على كل عين
قرية، فمنها قرية غنّاء كبيرة يقال لها (الفُرع) وهي لقريش <u>والأنصار</u> ومُزينة».
(أسماء جبال تهامة وسكانها 2/ 404) وقال عاتق البلادي نقلا عن ياقوت: إنها لقريش <u>والأنصار</u>
ومزينة (معجم معالم الحجاز 7/ 42). وياقوت ينقل عن عرّام، وعاتق لم ينكر عليهما. </span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وقال عرّام: «ومن عن يمين رَضْوَى لمن كان منحدرًا
من المدينة إلى البحر، على ليلة من رضوى: (ينبع)، وبها منبر وهي قرية غَنّاء، <u>سكانها
الأنصار</u> وجهينة وليث، أيضًا». (أسماء جبال تهامة وسكانها 2/ 397، 398) ونقله
عنه أو عن ياقوت أو عن البكري عاتقٌ البلادي، قال: (<u>وكان يسكنها الأنصار</u>
وجهينة وليث) (معجم معالم الحجاز 10/ 37)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وقال عرّام: «ثم خيفٌ يقال له (خيف سَلّام)، والخيف:
ما كان مجنّبًا عن طريق الماء يمينًا وشمالًا مُتَّسعًا، وفيه منبر وناس كثير من خُزاعة،
ومياهُها فُقُرٌ أيضًا، وباديتها قليلة، وهي جُشَم وخُزاعة وهُذيل، وسَلّام هذا رجل
من أغنياء هذا البلد <u>من الأنصار</u>». (أسماء جبال تهامة وسكانها 2/ 414) وهذا
يعني أنّ الأنصار يسكنون هذا الخيف. وأشار إلى الرجل <u>الأنصاري</u> الذي كان
يسكن الخيف عاتقٌ البلادي (معجم معالم الحجاز 3/ 184) وهو ينقل عن عرّام أو عمن
نقل عنه كياقوت والبكري.</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListBullet" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 36.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وقال عرّام: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">«<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">والصّفراء قرية كثيرة النخل والمزارع، وماؤها
عيون كلّها، وهي فوق ينبُع مما يلي المدينة، وماؤها يجري إلى ينبُع، وهي لجهينة <u>والأنصار</u>
ولبني فهر ونهد». (أسماء جبال تهامة وسكانها 4/ 398) ونقل عاتق البلادي عن ياقوت
عن عرّام أنّ الصفراء كانت لجهينة <u>والأنصار</u> وبني فِهر ونَهْد. (معجم معالم
الحجاز 5/ 150) ولم ينكر عليهما، وورد هذا أيضا في كتاب البكري.</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وقال عرّام: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">«<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">ثم إلى (الرَّحضيّة) قرية <u>للأنصار</u>
وبني سليم، من نجد، وبها آبار ومزارع». (أسماء جبال تهامة وسكانها 2/ 427) (أي شرق
الحجاز مما يتاخم نجدًا) ووافقه عاتق البلادي وذكر أنّها <u>للأنصار</u> وبني
سليم. (معجم معالم الحجاز 4/ 42) و هو ينقل عنه. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وقال عرّام: «ثم تمضي مصعداً نحو مكة فتميل إلى
وادٍ يقال له (عُريفِطان مَعنٍ) ليس به ماء ولا رعي، وحذاءَه جبالٌ يقال لها (أُبْلَى)،
وحذاءَه قُنّة يقال لها (السَّوْدة) لبني خُفاف من بني سُليم، وماؤهم (الصَّعْبِيّة)
وهي آبار يُنزعُ عليها، وهو ماء عذب وأرض واسعة، وكانت بها عين يقال لها (النَّازِيَة)
بين بني خُفاف و<u>بين الأنصار</u>، فتضاربوا فسدّوها، وهي عين ماؤها عذب كثير». (أسماء
جبال تهامة وسكانها 2/ 429) وذكر عاتق البلادي خلاصة هذا وأنّ ممن يسكنها <u>الأنصار</u>،
نقلا عن أبي الأشعث الذي يروي كتاب عرّام (معجم معالم الحجاز 5/ 141) <u>ولم يُنكر
سُكنى الأنصار بها</u>.</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وقال عرّام: «وبين مكة والطائف، قرية يقال لها
(راسب) لخَثْعَم، و(الجَوْنة): قرية <u>للأنصار</u>».(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">أسماء جبال تهامة وسكانها 2/ 419)
ونقل عاتق البلادي أنها <u>للأنصار</u>. (معجم معالم الحجاز 2/ 189)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وبعد هذا أقول: أين
ذهبت قبائل الأنصار ومن جاورهم الذين كانوا يسكنون تلك الديار الحجازية والتهامية
المتفرّقة في القرن الثالث؟ وقد رأينا أنّ عرّاما –وهو العارف بتلك الديار- لم ينفرد
بذكرهم، بل رواها بلدانيون كبار كأبي عبيد البكري وياقوت من المتقدمين، من غير
نكير ولا ردّ، ورواها من المعاصرين ابن الحجاز عاتق البلادي في معجمه، ولم ينكرها.
فأين ذهبوا؟ أترك الجواب لكم، وهو ظاهر لكلّ ذي لبٍّ يدرك أنّ تداخلات القبائل
وتحالفاتها وانضواء بعضها في بعض عادة اجتماعية مألوفة في جزيرة العرب فرضتها ظروف
المعيشة وحاجة الأمن منذ العصر الجاهلي إلى عهودٍ قريبةٍ من القرون الماضية، قبل
توحيد هذه البلاد المباركة على يد موحّدها الملك عبدالعزيز آل سعود، رحمه الله.</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 252.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عبدالرّزّاق الصّاعديّ<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 252.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">26 شعبان 1442هـ</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-52031980445316785142020-08-27T05:29:00.007+03:002020-08-27T13:58:48.525+03:00شُبهة الوضع في شواهد ابن مالك الشّعريّة قراءة في تاريخها ومآلاتها <p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 27.6px; mso-themecolor: text1;">شُبهة الوضع<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 27.6px; mso-themecolor: text1;">في شواهد ابن مالك الشّعريّة</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">قراءة في تاريخها ومآلاتها<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ويتضمن البحث: </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">نقد كتاب (صناعة الشاهد الشعري عند ابن مالك الأندلسي) للدكتور نعيم البدري </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span face="" lang="" style="color: black; font-size: large; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ونقد كتاب (تدليس ابن مالك في شواهد النحو) لمؤلفه فيصل المنصور</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> كتبه/ عبدالرزاق الصاعدي</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<iframe height="480" src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s2M_zWiw5haQMFi35_rC493s1ABPOJAL/preview" width="640"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-25353492200866450952019-08-31T16:41:00.000+03:002019-08-31T16:41:50.673+03:00تدليسُ المنتقِد وكشفُ مغالطاتِهِ وبطلانُ نتيجتِهِ<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on">
<h2>
<br /></h2>
<h2>
هنا الرّدُّ كاملًا تامًّا مع زياداتٍ متفرّقة</h2>
</div>
<br />
<iframe height="480" src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1peO0qkdyx0K-6A40_dAbhCL-AFqAxvay/preview" width="640"></iframe></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-2619818943759704602019-02-23T21:46:00.000+03:002019-03-29T10:21:16.575+03:00مصطلح: المعاجم العراقية أو معاجمنا العراقية:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>مصطلح:
المعاجم العراقية أو معاجمنا العراقية</b></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ما المراد بهذا المصطلح؟ وما علّة وجوده؟<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"> إننا حين نتأمّل تراثنا المعجمي القديم نجد أنه
نشأ في العراق ونضج بالعراق واكتملت مدارسه في</span></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;"> العراق، وعندما نتجاوز رواية اللغة التي
نشأت هناك وهي عمود المعاجم وأساسه نجد أن المعاجم الكبيرة التي استعانت بما جُمِع
في عصر الرواية، كالعين للخليل والغريب المصنف وغريب الحديث لابن سلام والألفاظ وإصلاح
المنطق لابن السكيت وغريب لابن قتيبة وغريب الحديث للحربي، ولتقفية للبندنيجي والجمهرة
لابن دريد والتهذيب للأزهري والمحيط للصاحب بن عبّاد وغريب الحديث للخطابي والمجمل
والمقاييس لابن فارس والصحاح للجوهري والغريبين للهروي، بالإضافة إلى معاجم غريب القرآن
والمذكر والمؤنث والأضداد، وهذه المعاجم المتنوعة التي ظهرت بالعراق هي عمود المعجم
العربي، ثم نجد أن المعاجم التي ظهرت بعيدا عن العراق كالمحكم والمخصص واللسان والطراز
الأول وتاج العروس كانت تتقيّل معاجم العراق وتنهل من معينها، مع مزيد عناية بجمع المتفرق
واستدراك ما يمكن استدراكه من مصادر اللغة.</span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 15pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; line-height: 115%;">ومن
أجل هذا أسميها (المعاجم العراقية) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">تقديرًا لهم واعترافًا بسبقهم وفضلهم العظيم على
العربية وعلومها كافّة وسائر علوم التراث، </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">ودرجت على هذا منذ سبع سنوات، وواجهت بعض النقد ممن لم يفهم مرادي، وفي المصلطح اعتراف بسبقهم ومكانتهم وفضلهم العظيم
على العربية وعلومها </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: large;">كافّة وسائر علوم التراث، ثم إني أريد بهذا المصطلح إيصال رسالة ضمنية لأهل المنبع الذين
تطرق بقايا الفصاح أسماعَهم صباح مساء، <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; line-height: 115%;">وليعلموا أن ما فات أصحاب المعاجم الذين لم تطأ أقدام
أكثرهم أرجاء هذه البلاد يمكن استدراكه اليوم</span> إن وُجدتِ الهمّة والأدوات العلمية الكافية، على النحو الذي فصّلته في الفوائت الظنية. ورحم الله علماءنا في كل مكان وبارك في
عمل الأحياء منهم، وكتب أجرهم جميعًا، ويسّر لنا طريق خير ونفع لهذه اللغة الشريفة وأهلها.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عبدالرزاق
الصاعدي<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المدينة
المنورة</span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-52806578800299819622019-02-23T15:16:00.000+03:002019-05-18T15:57:12.635+03:00هل يمكن إرجاع القبيلة الكبيرة إلى جدّ واحد؟: رأي الدكتور جواد علي:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هل يمكن إرجاع القبيلة الكبيرة إلى جدّ واحد؟</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> رأي الدكتور جواد علي</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ليس
من اهتماماتي الكتابة في الأنساب، ولا يعنيني من أمرها إلا ما توصل به الأرحام، فالناس
جميعهم يرتفعون في</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> أنسابهم إلى آدم عليه السلام، وآدم من تراب وعاد إلى تراب، وذُرّيته
مثله، وهم من سائر الأجناس والأمم سواسية في الأصل والمبدأ، لا يتفاضلون إلا بأعمالهم
وأخلاقهم ومواقفهم وما يقدمونه لأمتهم وبلدانهم وللإنسانية، لا أستثني منهم إلا من
فضلهم الله عز وجلّ بنص شرعي، كنبينا عليه الصلاة والسلام وآله وصحبه، رضوان الله عليهم أجمعين، وعلينا أن نحفظ لهم حقوقهم.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأردت
هنا دعوة المهتمين بالأنساب إلى مراعاة هذا المبدأ أو الأصل، وأن يقرأوا كلام الباحث
العراقي الدكتور </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">جواد علي في (المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام) وأن يتقيّلوه ويتركوا
فسحة في كتاباتهم للعقل الناقد لروايات النسابين القدماء كابن السائب الكلبي
والهمداني وابن حزم والحمداني والقلقشندي، وغيرهم، فلعل في قوله ما يعين الباحثين
عن الحق والإنصاف إلى الوصول إلى نتائج يقبلها العقل، وتراعي الاعتبارات التاريخية
والجغرافية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية ذات الأثر في حركة الناس والعمران وانتقالات
القبائل وتحالفاتها، وتعين أيضا على قبول تعدد الجدود للقبيلة الكبيرة ورجوعها إلى
سلاسل نسب مختلفة يجمعها سبب أو أسباب مختلفة غير الدم، مع الإيمان بأن مسألة الجدّ
شائكة ويكاد الوصول فيها إلى حقيقة مطلقة يكون متعذرا، فتبقى المواءمة والمقاربة هي
ما يمكن تحقيقه والوثوق به.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وفي
هذا المعنى الشائك يقول الدكتور جواد علي تحت عنوان: (أسماء أجداد القبائل): </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكل
قبيلة -كما ذكرتُ- </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">جد تنتمي إليه وتفاخر وتباهي به. وقد يكون هذا الجد جدًّا
حقيقًّا, أي: إنسانًا عاش ومات، وساد القبيلة، وترك أثرًا كبيرًا في قبيلته حتى
نسبت القبيلة إليه. وقد يكون الجد اسم حلف تكوَّن وتألف من قبائل عديدة، حتى عرفت
به، ودعيت بذلك الحلف, وصار وكأنه اسم جد وإنسان عاش. ومن هذا القبيل اسم
"تنوخ" على حدّ زعم أهل الأخبار, فقد رووا أن تنوخًا قبائل عديدة،
اجتمعت وتحالفت، وأقامت في مواضعها.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد
يكون اسم موضع، أقامت قبيلة به، فنسبت إليه, كما يذكر أهل الأخبار من اسم
"غسان". وقد يكون اسم</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> إله عُبد، فنسب عُبّاده إليه مثل "بني سعد
العشيرة"، و"تألب ريام" جد قبيلة "همدان"، وقد يكون اسم
حيوان أو نبات أو ما شابه ذلك، مما يدخل في دراسة أصول الأسماء ومصادرها واشتقاقها</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">. (المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام 4/ 340).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويقول:
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد أرجع ابن حزم جميع قبائل العرب إلى أب واحد، سوى ثلاث قبائل، هي: تنوخ، والعتق،
وغسان،</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> فإن كل قبيلة منها مجتمعة من عدة بطون. وقد نص غيره من أهل النسب على أن تنوخًا
اسم لعشر قبائل، اجتمعوا وأقاموا بالبحرين، فسموا تنوخًا. وذكر بعض آخر أن غسان عدة
بطون من الأزد، نزلت على ماء يسمى غسان، فسميت به. فترى من هنا أن تنوخًا والأزد حلف
في الأصل، وقد صار مع ذلك نسبًا عند كثير من أهل الأخبار.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وبين
أجداد القبائل والأسر الذين يذكرهم أهل الأنساب أجداد كانوا أجدادًا حقًّا، عاشوا
وماتوا, وقد برزوا</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> بغزواتهم وبقوة شخصياتهم، وكونوا لقبائلهم وللقبائل المتحالفة معها
أو التابعة لها مكانة بارزة، جعلتها تفتخر بانتسابها إليهم، حتى خلد ذلك الفخر على
هيئة نسب, ونجد في كتب الأنساب أمثلة عديدة لهؤلاء</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">. 1/ 517.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويقول
جواد علي: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد ذهب المستشرق "بلاشير" إلى أن طريقة النسابين بالنسبة إلى
الأرهاط، هي طريقة إيجابية </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">مقبولة، ولكنها لا تستند إلى أسس صحيحة بالنسبة للقبائل
والأحلاف؛ بسبب أن تحالف القبائل وتكتلها راجع إلى عوامل المصلحة الخاصة والمنافع السياسية،
وهي تتغير دومًا بتغير المصالح، تتولد تبعًا لذلك أحلاف لم تكن موجودة, وتموت أحلاف
قديمة، وتظهر قبائل كبيرة وتموت غيرها. ولهذا التغير فعل قوي في تكوين الأنساب وفي
نشوئها, إذ تتبدل وتتغير الأنساب تبعًا لذلك التغير، ومن ثَمَّ فلا يمكن الاعتماد على
الأنساب الكبرى، التي دونها علماء النسب وجمعوها في</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> مجموعات، وشجروها حفدة وآباء وأجدادًا</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">. 4/ 341.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px;">ويقول في موضع آخر: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 18.4px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px;">ويلاحظ أن الأحلاف إذا طالت وتماسكت، أحدثت اندماجًا بين قبائل الحلف قد </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">يتحول إلى النسب، بأن تربط القبائل والعشائر الضعيفة نسبها بنسب القبيلة البارزة المهيمنة على الحلف, وينتمي الأفراد إلى سيد تلك القبيلة البارزة, فتدخل أنسابها في نسب الأكبر. وفي كتب الأنساب والأدب أمثلة عديدة على تداخل الأنساب، وانتفاء قبائل من أنسابها القديمة ودخولها في أنساب </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;">جديدة. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px; text-indent: 36pt;">ويؤدي انحلال الحلف أو انحلال عقد عشائر القبيلة الذي هو في الواقع حلف سمي "قبيلة"، إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px; text-indent: 36pt;"> انحلال </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px; text-indent: 36pt;">الأنساب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px; text-indent: 36pt;"> وظهور أنساب جديدة، فإن القبائل المنحلة تنضمّ إلى حلف جديد، فيحدث ما ذكرته آنفًا من تولد أنساب جديدة، ومن تداخل قبائل في قبائل أخرى, وأخذها نسبها. ومن هنا قال "جولد زيهر": إنه لفهم الأنساب عند العرب، لا بد من معرفة الأحلاف والتحالف, فإنها تكوِّن القبائل؛ لأن أكثر أسماء أجداد القبائل هي أسماء أحلاف، ضمت عددًا من القبائل توحّدت مصالحها فاتفقت على عقد حلف فيما بينها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 18.4px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px; text-indent: 36pt;"> (المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 24.5333px; text-indent: 36pt;">7/ 385، 386).</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأختم
بقولي: إنّ في الأخذ بروايات بعض النسّابين القدماء أو المتأخرين والتسليم بها على
عِلّاتها دون تمحيصٍ</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> ونقدٍ مجازفةً تنافي أدبيات البحث العلمي، فقد تسيطر على بعض
الباحثين الرغبة في إرجاع القبيلة الكبيرة إلى جدّ واحد دون دليل قطعي يثبت أنها
من نسل جدٍّ واحد، وفي هذا مجازفة وظلم لقبائل وبطون عريقة ذات جذور أقدم. فليت أخواننا المشتغلين بالأنساب يعيدون النظر في أدواتهم وطريقتهم في قراءة النصوص ولا
يُقدّمون النقل على العقل الناقد ولا يتجاهلون الظروف التاريخية والمصالح الاقتصادية
والعوامل الاجتماعية ذات الأثر في اندماج بطون صغيرة في قبائل أكبر.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>عبدالرزاق
الصاعدي</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">المدينة المنورة</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">18
جمادى الآخرة 1440هـ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-45677085624756268402019-02-09T17:15:00.002+03:002019-04-21T21:33:20.844+03:00 ما وزن ماريّة؟ سؤال صرفيّ وجائزة:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">ما
وزن ماريّة؟ سؤال صرفيّ وجائزة</span><u style="font-size: x-large;"><o:p></o:p></u></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> من
كلام العرب ما يُشكل وزنه وتتداخل فيه أصول (جذور)، وهو كثير في المعتلّات والمهموزات
في الغالب، ومنه (الماريّة) بتشديد </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;">الياء، ولها معان متقاربة، وجاء منها في معاجمنا
القديمة: قَطاة مارِيّة؛ أي: لؤلؤيّة اللون ملساء كثيرة اللحم، وامرأة ماريّة بيضاء
برّاقة مكتنزة اللحم، والماريّة البقرة الوحشية، قال الأصمعي: لا أعلم أحدًا أتى بهذه
اللفظة؛ أي: (الماريّة) إلا ابن أحمر، قال:</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">مارِيَّةٌ
لُؤْلُؤانُ اللَّوْنِ أَوْرَدَها طَلٌّ
وبَنَّسَ عَنْها فَرْقَدٌ خَصِرُ</span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">والمارِيُّ:
وَلَدُ البَقَرَةِ الأَبيضُ الأَملَس. والمُمْرِية من البَقَرِ: التي لها وَلَدٌ ماريٌّ؛
أي: بَرَّاقٌ. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>ويحتمل
لفظ (ماريّة) ثلاثة جذور، وستّة أوزان، وهي:</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>الأول</b></span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">:
أن يكون الجذر (م ر و/ م ر ي) وفيه معنى البياض واللمعان، وفي هذا الجذر وضعها الأزهري
في التهذيب والصغاني في </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;">التكملة والذيل والصلة، وابن منظور في اللسان والفيروزي في
القاموس والزبيدي في التاج. فيحتمل في التصريف وزنين:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">1- <b> (</b><b>فاعولة):</b> من المرو، وهو الأظهر، وفيه معنى الملاسة
والبياض واللمعان، ومن نظائرها في الوزن: تامُورة وراعُوفة وبانُوفة اسم </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">امرأة. ونظيرها
من المعتل: آخيَّةِ العُود، وأصلها: آخويّة، على فاعولة. وتقدير ماريّة قبل الإعلال:
إن كانت من المرو: مارُوْوَة، ثم ماروّة بالإدغام، ثم قلبت الواو ياء تخفيفا، وكسرت
الراء قبلها، فقالوا: ماريّة، أو قلبت واوها المتطرفة في (ماروو) ياء، فيكون تقديرها:
ماروي، فيلتقي واو وياء أولاهما ساكنة فتقلب الواو ياء، وأدغمت، فقالوا: ماريّ، وتقديرها
إن كانت من المري: مارُوْيَة، اجتمعت الواو والياء والسابق منها ساكن فقلبت الواو ياء،
وأدغمت في الياء بعدها، وكسرت الراء للمناسبة، وأشار إلى هذا الوزن ابن سيده في المحكم
في (م و ر) بقوله: </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span><span style="font-size: large;">وقد تكونُ المارِيَّة فاعُولَة من المَرْي</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">2- <b>(</b><b>فاعيّة)</b> منسوب إلى مارٍ على وزن فاعل، نبهني
عليه أ.د. فريد الزامل، ووجهه في التقدير أن يكون اسم فاعل من المرو </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;">لحقته ياء النسب،
وتقديره: مَرَا الحجرُ يمري، فهو مارٍ (ماري) والحجر ممريّ، أو من قولهم مَرَى الناقة
يمريها: مسح ضرعها لتدرّ، فأمْرَتْ هي ودرّ لبنها، فالماسح مارٍ وهي مَمريّة، ويقرّب
هذا أن حكم النسب إِلى اسمٍ على أَربعةِ أَحرفٍ فصاعدًا إِذَا كانَ آخرهُ ياءً ما قبلَها
مكسورٌ أن تحذف ياؤه كما يقول سيبويه وابن السّرّاج، فتقول في رجلٍ من بني ناجيةً:
ناجِيٌّ، وفي أَدلٍ: أَدِليٌّ، وفي صَحارٍ: صَحارِيٌّ، وفي ثمانٍ: ثَمانيٌّ، تحذف الياء
في ذلك، وتقدير ماريّة قبل الحذف: (ماري+يّة) التقت الياء الساكنة بالياء الأولى الساكنة
من ياءي النسب. ومما جاء منسوبًا في صيغة فاعل: الرّاعِبيُّ: ضَرْبٌ من الحَمام. والزّاعِبيّ:
الرُّمْحُ. دمٌ باحريٌّ، أَي: خالص، الجاشِريّةُ: الشَّرْبة مع الصُّبح. والباغِزِيّة:
ثِيابٌ، فلعل الماريّة من هذا.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">3-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> (</span><b>فَلَعِيَّة)</b> على القلب المكاني، من المرو، وتقديرها
قبل الإعلال: مَوَريِّة، فقلبت الواو ألفا لتحرّكه</span></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: large;">ا وانفتاح ما قبلها، وهذا وجه مرجوح؛
لأنّ الظاهر أولى حينما يمكن الحمل عليه.</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>الثاني</b></span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>:</b>
أن يكون الجذر (م و ر/ م ي ر) وفيه معنى الانسياب والملاسة، ومنه: الناقة تمور في سيرها،
وهي موّارة: سريعة، وفرس موّارة </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;">الظهر، والمور الموج، وفي هذا الجذر وُضعت المارية
في المحكم لابن سيده واللسان لابن منظور والقاموس للفيروزي والتاج للزبيدي. فتحتمل
وزنين:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">1-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> (</span><b>فَعَليّة)</b> على الظاهر، وفي هذا الوزن وضعها الفارابي
في معجمه ديوان الأدب، ونظيرها:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الماذِيَّةُ،
وهي الدّرْعُ السَّهلةُ الليَّنةُ</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">. وقال: </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span><span style="font-size: large;">هذا البابُ أصْلُ الألفِ فيه واوٌ أوياءٌ</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span><span style="font-size: large;">
يعني الألف التي هي محل عين الكلمة.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">2- <b> (</b><b>فالُوعة)</b> على القلب المكاني، وتقديرها قبل القلب
والإعلال: ماوُوْرَة على فاعُولة، فقُدّمت الراء، وهي لام الكلمة على</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"> الواو التي هي
عين الكلمة: وتقديرها: مارُوْوَة، فأدغمت الواوين، مارُوّة، وقلبت ياء للتخفيف قلبًا
غير لازم، وكسرت الراء قبلها للمناسبة.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>الثالث</b></span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>:</b>
أن يكون الجذر (أ ر ي/ و ر ي) وفيهما معنى البياض واللمعان والامتلاء، ولم يجعلها أحد
من المعجميين في هذين </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;">الجذرين أو أحدهما، وهي تحتملهما، ووزنها إن كانت من أحدهما:
<b>(مفعولة)</b>، وتقديرها في الاشتقاق والتصريف فيما يأتي:</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>إن كانت من (أ ر ي) فهي من: الإِرَة: شحم السنام،
وفيه الامتلاء والبياض، أو من الإرَة: النار، وفيها البياض واللمعان، ومنه</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"> قولهم أرَّى
النار يُؤرّيها تأرية؛ أي: أشعلها وعظّمها فهي مُؤرّاة، وعلى تقدير التخفيف إن كانوا
تكلموا به: أراها يَرِيها أريًا، فهي مأريّة. وتقديرها قبل الإعلال: مأرُوْيَة، فوجب
قلب الواو ياء وإدغامها، ثم كسرت الراء قبلها، فيكون تقديرها: مأريّة، فسهّلت الهمزة
أو أبدلت ألفا خالصة، فقالوا: ماريّة. وتسهيلها أو إبدالها عربي سائغ ذكره سيبويه
(3/ 543) في أحوال الهمزة، قال: </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span><span style="font-size: large;">وإذا كانت الهمزة ساكنةٌ وقبلها فتحة فأردت أن تخفف
أبدلت مكانها ألفاً، وذلك قولك في رأسٍ وبأسٍ وقرأت: راسٌ وباسٌ وقراتٌ</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> وإن
كانت من (و ر ي) فهي من: الواري والوَرِيّ، وهما الشحم السمين، ولحم وَرِيّ؛ أي: سمين،
أو من وَرَتِ الزّناد؛ إذا خَرَجَتْ</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"> نارُها، ووَرِيَتِ النارُ: صارت وارية، وأوراها
يوريها فهي مَوْريّة، ومنه الزَّنْد الواري، الذي تظهر ناره سريعا، وفي الحديث: حتّى
أوْرَى قبسها لقابس؛ أي: أظهر نورا من الحق، ومنه: أوريت صدره عليه: أوقدته وأحقدته،
فإن كانت (ماريّة) من هذا الاشتقاق فتقديرها قبل الإعلال: مَوْرُوْيَة ثم مَوْرِيّة،
بقلب الواو الثانية وإدغامها في الياء وجوبًا، ثم قلب الواو ألفًا للفتحة قبلها للتخفيف
من غير لزوم ولا قياس.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"> وهذا
الوزن الخامس وجذره باحتماليه (أ ر ي) و(و ر ي) وجه يقبله الاشتقاق والتصريف، ولم يذكره
أحد فيما أعلم.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 115%;"> وثمة
رواية بتخفيف الياء، (ماريَة) بمعنى القطاة اللؤلؤية الملساء والمرأة البيضاء، روى
الأزهري عن ثَعْلَب، عن ابْن الأَعرابي قوله: </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span><span style="font-size: large;">الماريَة، خَفِيفَة الياء: القطاةُ
اللؤلئية اللّون.... وقال شَمِر: قال أبو عمرو: القطاة المارِيَة، بالتَّخفيف: اللُّؤلئيّة
اللّون</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span><span style="font-size: large;"> فأقول: هذه المخففة أشبه بفاعلة، وقلت أشبه؛ لأننا نعلم أصلها، ووزنها المحتمل
فيه. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"> وأما
مارِيَة القِبْطِيَّةِ أمِّ إبراهيمَ فياؤها مخففة من أصلها، وظاهرها إن كانت عربية
أنها على وزن فاعلة.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"> <u>والخلاصة</u>
أنّ (مارِيّة) مشددة الياء تحتمل ستّة أوزان، يقبلها الاشتقاق والتصريف، وهي: <b>فاعُولة
وفالُوعة وفاعيّة وفَعَلِيّة وفَلَعِيّة </b></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><b>ومَفْعُولة.</b> ولا أعلم أحدًا فصّل القول في
حالها من المتقدمين ومن المتأخرين، فأرجو أن يكون في اجتهادي فيها كفاية وغُنية لأهل
التصريف.</span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b>عبدالرزاق
الصاعدي</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">المدينة
المنورة<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">4/
6/ 1440هـ/ 9 /2/ 2019م<span style="font-size: 15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-58743887952954404222019-02-04T19:11:00.000+03:002019-02-04T19:20:37.867+03:00شهادة أ.د. أحمد بن سعيد قشاش في الفوائت الظنية<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>شهادة أ.د. أحمد بن سعيد قشاش في الفوائت الظنية</b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>أستاذ الدراسات اللغوية بجامعة الباحة</b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> السلام
عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> أسعد الله
صباحك أبا عامر <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> اطلعت
البارحة على ما كتبه أحدهم يزعم أن عملك في جمع الفائت الظني من كلام العرب المعاصر
هو نوع من الدعوة إلى العامية!!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ولقد عجبت
أن يصدر مثل هذا الكلام<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>من أستاذ يحمل درجة
علمية عالية، وأحسبه لم يطّلع على السفر الرائع الذي وضّحتم في مقدمته الضافية الأهداف
والمنهج والضوابط الصارمة في جمع مادته العلمية التي ترقى به لأن يكون على منهج يضاهي
منهج السلف في جمع مادة معاجمهم اللغوية، تلك المعاجم التي فاتها كثير من مفردات لغة
العرب واستعمالتهم اللغوية المختلفة. وقد جاء عملكم في وقت حرج جدا كاد أن يضيع معه
معظم الموروث اللغوي الشفهي الذي بقى حيًّا على الألسنة متواترًا عن الأسلاف جيلا بعد
جيل حتى عصرنا هذا، وقد وجدت صدق ذلك في كثير من ألفاظ النبات التي لم تدونها المعاجم
العربية، وبقيت حيّة على ألسنة الناس من عصور الرواية الأولى إلي عصرنا هذا، وإلا كيف
نُفسّر شيوع اسم من أقصى بلاد اليمن وعمان إلى جبال الحجاز مرورا بجبال السراة، ومع
ذلك لا نجده في المعاجم العربية؟ بل وجدت عددًا من ألفاظ اللغة ما زالت حيّة شائعة
على ألسنة أهل السراة، وعدد من اللهجات العروبية القديمة كالعبرية والسريانية والحبشية،
ومع ذلك لم تدوّنها المعاجم العربية التي فاتها كثير من كلام أهل السراة وتهامة
والحجاز وأنحاء واسعة من نجد واليمن.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> والخلاصة
أخي الغالي أن عملك في جمع الفائت عمل جليل يسدّ ثغرة كبيرة في العمل المعجمي
القديم، عمل عظيم سيُخلّد اسمك في تاريخ العربية وعلمائها الأبرار أمثال الخليل والأزهري
وابن فارس، في ضبط المنهج والصبر في التطبيق والتتبع متحرّزا بهذا المصطلح الرائع
الذي يدل على إنصافك حين لا تقطع بأنها فوائت قطعية أو يقينية بل تجعلها فوائت
ظنية، والظن حين يكون غالبا بوابةُ اليقين، وهو معتبر ويؤخذ به في أصول الفقه، وحريّ
بألفاظنا التي قصرت عنها المعاجم أن تكون فوائت، فإنّ من سار في جزيرة العرب اليوم
وخالط سكانها واستمع إلى لهجاتهم المختلفة أدرك بيقين صدق ما سطرته في سفرك الجميل
(فوائت المعاجم العربية) قطعية كانت أو ظنية.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فسر على
بركة الله ولا تلفت إلى ما يقال من تهم باطلة زائفة، فالناس أعداء النجاح إلا ما رحم
ربي، ونسأل الله أن يلهمنا رشدنا في القول والعمل.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>أحمد بن سعيد قشاش</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الباحة 27/ 5/ 1440هـ </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-25159705270583482932018-12-25T15:14:00.002+03:002019-01-03T09:58:20.365+03:00لهجات (بلاد المنبع):<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجات
(بلاد المنبع)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>تكرّر
في تغريداتٍ لي في حسابي أو حساب مجمع اللغة الافتراضي منذ سنوات مصطلح (لهجات أرض
المنبع) أو (لهجات بلاد المنبع) وفُهم مرادي من مصطلح (المنبع) في أوساط اللغويين،
ولكنّ بعضهم يسأل عن ماهيّته وحدوده ومستنده اللغويّ والتاريخي والجغرافي، وهو
سؤال مشروع، ويلزمني الجواب لدفع الغموض أو اللبس. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأقول:
لا يجادل أحد في أنّ منبع عربيةِ القرآنِ هي جزيرةُ العرب، قلبُها وأطرافُها،
ويشمل ذلك اليمن وعُمان والسواحل الغربية والجنوبية للخليج العربي، لكنْ يقتضي
واجب العلم وما نعرفه من تاريخ لغتنا أن نخصّص في الفصاحة ونذكر أنّ لقريشٍ ومن
جاورها يدًا طولى في انتخاب الأفصح من قبائل الحجاز وتهامة والسراة ونجد جيلا بعد
جيل؛ فيمكن القول بعد ذلك: إنّ الصريح في أرض المنبع للعربية القرآنية هو: نجد
والحجاز والسّراة وتهامة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد
نزل القرآن في تلك الدّيار بين ظَهرانيهم، وكان رسولنا محمدٌ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أفصحَ العرب، ولغته لغةُ قريش. قال ابنُ
فارس في (الصاحبي 33) في باب القول في أفصح العرب: «أجمَعَ علماؤنا بكلام العرب،
والرُّواةُ لأشعارهم، والعلماءُ بلُغاتهم وأيامهم ومَحالّهم، أنّ قُرَيشاً أفصحُ
العرب ألسنةً وأصْفاهم لغةً؛ وذلك أنّ الله جلّ ثناؤه اختارهم من جميع العرب
واصطفاهم، واختار منهم نبيَّ الرحمة محمداً -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فجعل قُريشاً قُطّان
حَرَمِه، وجيران بيته الحرام، ووُلاتَهُ. فكانت وُفود العرب من حُجاجها وغيرهم
يَفِدون إلى مكّة للحجّ، ويتحاكمون إلى قريش في أُمورهم. وكانت قريشٌ تعلّمهم
مَناسكَهم وتحكُمُ بينهم...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكانتْ
قريشٌ مع فصاحتها وحُسن لغاتها ورِقَّة ألسنتها، إذا أتتهُم الوُفود من العرب
تخيّروا من كلامهم وأشعارهم أحسنَ لغاتهم وأصفى كلامهم. فاجتمع ما تخيّروا من تلك
اللغات إلى نَحائزهم وسَلائقهم الّتي طُبعوا عليها. فصاروا بذلك أفصح العرب».<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
في باب القول في اللغة التي بها نزل القرآن: «حدثنا أبو الحسن عليُّ
بنُ إبراهيم القطَّان قال: حدثنا عليُّ بن عبد العزيز، عن أبي عُبيد، عن شيخ له،
أنه سمع الكلبيّ يُحدّث عن أبي صالح، عن ابن عباس، [أنه] قال: نزل القرآن على سَبْعة
أحرُف، أو قال: بسَبع لغات، منها خمسٌ بلغة العَجُزِ من هَوازن، وهم الذين يقال
لهم علُيا هَوازن، وهي خمس قبائل أو أربع، منها سَعدُ بن بكر وجُشَمُ بن بكر
ونَصْر بن مُعاوية وثَقيف.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال
أبو عُبيد: وأحسِبُ أفصَحَ هؤلاء بني سعد بن بكر وذلك لقول رسول الله -صلى الله
عليه وسلم: "أنا أفصَحُ العَرَب مَيْدَ أنّي من قريش، وأنّي نشأت في بني سعد
بن بكر"، [ويروى: بَيْد] وكان مُسْتَرْضَعاً فيهم، وهم الذين قال فيهم أبو عمرو بن العَلاء:
أفصح العرب عُلْيَا هَوازِن وسُفْلَى تميم.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وعن
عبد الله بن مسعود أنه كانَ يَستَحِبُّ أن يكون الذين يكتبون المَصاحف من مُضَر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
عُمَر: لا يُمْلِيَنَّ فِي مَصاحِفِنا إلا غِلمان قُريش وثَقيف.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
عثمان: اجعلوا المُمليَ من هُذَيل والكاتبَ من ثقيف»<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.66px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">(الصاحبي 41)</span>.</span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورُوِي
عن الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيديّ (الفاضل 113) أنه قال: «أفصحُ الناس أَزْدُ السَّراة».<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
أبو عَمرو بن العلاء (المزهر2/ 483): «أفصح الناس عُلْيَا تميم وسُفْلَى قيس». <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
أبو زيد (العمدة لابن رشيق 89): «أفصح الناس سافلة العالية وعالية السافلة، يعني عَجُز
هوازن».<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
السيوطي في ( المزهر 2/ 410) : «قال الأصمعي: قال أبو عمرو بن العلاء: أفصح
الشعراء ألسنا وأعربهم أهل السَّرَوات وهنّ ثلاث، وهي الجبال المطلّة على تِهامة
مما يلي اليَمن، فأولها هُذيل، وهي تَلي الرّمل من تِهامة، ثم عِلية السَّراة الوُسطى،
وقد شَرِكَتهم ثقيف في ناحيةٍ منها، ثم سَرَاة الأزد؛ أزد شَنُوءة، وهم بنو الحارث
بن كعب بن الحارث بن نَصْر بن الأزْد.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال
أبو عمرو أيضا: أفصح الناس عُلْيَا تميم وسُفْلَى قيس.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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أبو زيد: أفصح الناس سافلةُ العالية، وعالية السافلة، يعني عَجُز هوازن وأهل
العالية أهل المدينة ومن حولها ومن يليها ودنا منها».<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذه
القبائل التي توصف بالفصاحة في نصوص علمائنا تؤيّد ما نذهب إليه من أنّ أرض المنبع
هي نجد والحجاز والسراة وتهامة. ثم يضاف إليها ما يليها من نواحي اليمن وعمان
والساحل الغربي لخليج العرب، لكنّ القبائل في جزيرة العرب تفرّقت وهاجر بعضها،
وفشى اللحن في النحو وفي بعض التصريف، وبقي المعجم سليمًا في الأعمّ الأغلب،
وهنالك بقايا للهجات فصيحة نجدها اليوم في شمال جزيرة العرب (بادية العراق وسوريا
والأردن وفلسطين) ولهجات فصيحة مهاجرة في شمال أفريقيا (بادية ليبيا وتونس وشرق الجزائر
ويلحق بهم موريتانيا) ولهجات مهاجرة غرب البحر الأحمر (صعيد مصر وبادية السودان)
وفي تلك الأمصار قبائل عربية صريحة حافظت على مخزونٍ لفظيٍّ نحترمه ونأنس به حين
يوافق ما في لهجات المنبع.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما
البعد التاريخي، ومنه عصور الاحتجاج، التي يقولون إنها انتهت بنهاية القرن الثاني
أو منتصفه في الحاضرة ونهاية القرن الرابع أو منتصفه في البادية، فإن هذا القيد
الصارم يصلح لحال النحو وقواعد التصريف بلا ريب، ولا يصلح لحال المعجم، لبقاء الوحدات
المعجمية سليمة على ألسنة الناس؛ لأنّ المعجم هو أساس اللغة وجوهرها، ولا يمكن
الاستغناء عن الألفاظ، وفساده يعني فساد اللغة في جوهرها، وهو اللفظ والمعنى، وقد
تمسّك الناس بالوحدات المعجمية (الكلمات) واستغنوا عن الإعراب، وصلح لهم حال الاتصال
اللغوي مجردًا منه، وحين نفتّش في العمق لعصور الاحتجاج يظهر لنا تخفف العرب من الإعراب
منذ العصر الإسلامي على الأقل، فلم تكن العرب تلتزم الإعراب في كل أحوالها، فربما اختلسوه
أو سكّنوا في كلامهم في سحابة يومهم وهم يمارسون حياتهم، بعيدا عن المحافل
ومناسبات الشعر التي تتطلب الحضور اللغوي في أزهي صوره، فمنهم من يعرب، ومنهم من
يختلس، ومنهم من يترك الإعراب،كما يُفهم مما جاء في بعض المصادر. وعلة ذلك أنّ المعنى
عندهم أكثر أهمية من الإعراب؛ وقد يُحصّلون مرادهم في لغة الاتصال اليومي من دلالة
المفردات وترابطها في الجمل وبالتقديم والتأخير والتنغيم دون الحاجة إلى الإعراب، وكان
الإمام مالك بن أنس يتكلّم في شأنه اليومي بلغة خطابٍ دارجةٍ لا إعراب فيها. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نعم،
لقد فُقِد الإعراب في الكلام مع تعاقب الأجيال واندثرت سليقته، وتمارض التصريف
ولكنه لم يمت، وأما المخزون المعجمي فبقي حيّا على ألسنة العرب وفي عقلهم الجمعي، فينبغي
حين ننقّب عن الفائت ونمارس عملنا في الاستدراك على معاجمنا العراقية أن نراعيَ الثوابت
والمتغيّرات وألا نتعصّب لأيّ زمان ومكان ولا بيئة ولا قبيلة، وعلينا في هذا المشروع
المعجمي أن نسعى لأنْ يكون نشاطا علميًّا ممنهجا، وهذا يقتضي التعامل مع أحوال
المكان والإنسان والبيئة والتركيز على ما نجده قريبًا من أصوله في بيئةٍ كانت
منبعَ اللغة في عصور الاحتجاج، وعلينا أن نحترم ما نجده في جمعٍ من القبائل أو
البيئات، وألا نردّه بسكوت المعاجم عنه مع علمنا نقصها وعدم إحاطتها، ومما يعيننا
أنّ في المنبع اليوم أكثر من أربعين قبيلة بدوية محافظة على أصولها، وألفاظهم
متاحة للباحثين في المستدرك على ضوء المعايير المعلنة للفوائت الظنية، مع
الاستئناس بما يُسمع في بلاد العرب مما يلتقي بلغة المنبع.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"><b>عبدالرزاق الصاعدي</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">نشرت
في جريدة الجزيرة (الجزيرة الثقافية) </span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">بتاريخ بتاريخ 15 ربيع الآخر 1440هـ 22 ديسمبر
2018م</span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-11542689411047361672018-12-11T23:32:00.000+03:002019-01-04T10:25:42.795+03:00أحوال المفردات في العربية:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16pt;"><b>أحوال المفردات في العربية</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;">حين نتأمّل أحوال مفردات العربية
نجد أنها نوعان: ممعجم وغير ممعجم، وفيما يأتي تفصيلات أحوالها بصورة حاصرة:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"> <b> الأول: الممعجم،
وهو أربعة أنواع:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"> 1-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> ما تواتر ذكره في المعاجم، وهو جمهور اللغة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"> 2-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> ما كاد أن يفوت وانفرد به معجمي واحد، وعنه نُقل.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"> 3-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ما تشكّكتْ فيه المعاجم.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"> 4-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ما وَهِمَتْ فيه المعاجم.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"> <b> الثاني: غير
الممعجم، أو ما خلت منه المعاجم،<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وهو نوعان:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;">1- نوعٌ مهمل لم
تتكلمْ به العرب.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;">2- ونوعٌ تكلمت به
العرب، وخلت منه المعاجم، وهو نوعان:</span></div>
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</span>1- نوعٌ مندثر، وهو ما أُميتَ وتُرك.</span></div>
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</span>2- ونوعٌ مستعمل، وهو أربعة أنواع:</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1- نوعٌ دُوّنَ في مصادرَ
قديمةٍ غير المعاجم، وأسميه: الفوائت القطعية.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2- ونوعٌ لم يُدوّن في مصادرَ
قديمة، ووجدناه في لهجاتنا وتحققت فيه شروط خاصة، وأسمّيه: الفوائت الظنية. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;">3- ونوعٌ ولّده المولّدون بعد عصور الاحتاج، على قياس كلام العرب، </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 21.3333px; text-indent: 37.7953px;">وهو يغني عن مصطلح المُحدَث؛ </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 1cm;">لأنّ التوليد مستمر إلى قيام الساعة، ويمكن تقييده بزمانه، فيقال: مولّد عبّاسي، مولّد مملوكي، مولّد عثماني، مولّد معاصر أو حديث.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16.0pt;">4- ونوع ولّده المولّدون بعد عصور الاحتجاج، وخالف قياس كلام العرب، وهو
العامّيّ.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 1cm;">هذه أحوال المفردة
العربية، من جميع الوجوه والاعتبارات، فأرجو أن يكون تقسيمًا وافيًا جامعاً مانعاً.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 1cm;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"><b>عبدالرزاق الصاعدي</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";">المدينة المنورة</span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";">11 ديسمبر 2018م</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-27453799779019066742018-12-04T11:34:00.001+03:002018-12-06T20:14:56.653+03:00من تاريخ العربية المجهول: الجذور الثنائية البائدة:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>من تاريخ العربية المجهول: الجذور الثنائية البائدة</b></span></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 22pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.66px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">كنتُ بصريًّا محافظًا في التصريف </span>حين كتبتُ (تداخل الأصول) سنة 1414هـ / 1994م لا أكاد أحيد عن مذهب البصريين فترًا، وكنت لا أُلقي بالاً لنظرية ثنائية الألفاظ، مع أني طالعت بعض ما كتبه أعلامها الكبار، وقرأت شيئا في سرّ الليال للشدياق والفلسفة اللغوية لجرجي زيدان ومعجميات عربية سامية للدومنكي ونشوء اللغة ونموها واكتهالها للكرملي ومقدمة لغة العرب للعلايلي، ولعل انصرافي عنها يعود إلى أمرين؛ أحدهما أن دراستي الصرفية في أيام الطلب ومراحل الدراسات العليا كانت قائمة على أصول البصريين وكان الصرفيّون واللغويون الذين أخذت عنهم التصريف يميلون إلى المذهب البصري، ومن أبرزهم الدكتور عبدالعزيز فاخر صاحب كتابَي (توضيح الصرف) و(توضيح النحو)، وكانوا لا يُعيرون الثنائيّة ما تستحقّه من الاهتمام، ويراها بعضهم من اللغو ومن اجتهادات المعاصرين غير الموفّقة، والثاني -وهو الأهم- أن دراسة تداخل الأصول القائمة على حصر مواضع التداخل في المعاجم تحتاج إلى انضباط صرفي صارم في خضمّ الجذور اللغوية المضطربة في معاجمنا العراقية، ولا يجدي في هذا إلا المذهب الصرفي المنضبط، ومذهب البصريين أحسن المذاهب في القياس والحزم الصرفي الذي يشبه الرياضيات. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ولكني في هذه المرحلة المتأخرة من عمري العلمي أعد نفسي واحدًا من أنصار النظرية الثنائية؛ إلا أنني لا أتخلّى عن الانضباط الصرفي البصري، ولا أجد في هذه النظرية ما يعارض النظام الصرفي المحكم الذي بُنيت عليه عربية النص القرآني وآداب العرب القديمة وأشعارها منذ العصر الجاهلي إلى اليوم.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا أريد أن أفصّل القول في هذه العجالة في تاريخ النظرية الثنائية وأحوالها، فقد كُتِب عنها الكثير، وحسبي أن أذكر خلاصتَها، وأُبيّن مذهبي فيها، وكيف أنها لا تتعارض مع الضبط الصرفي البصري، وفي هذا السياق أقول: إنني لا أعرف أحدًا واءم بين المحافظين والثُّنائيين مواءمة مقبولة ولم أجد أحدًا يشير إلى درء تعارض التصريف ونظرية الثنائية من قبل، وقد يكون ذلك مردودًا إلى نقص عندي في البحث والإحاطة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">فما الثُّنائيّة تلك؟<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">الثنائية نظرية لغوية معاصرة يرى أصحابها (من أبرز أعلامها: الشدياق واليازجي وجرجي زيدان ومرمرجي الدومنكي وأنستاس الكرملي، ومن المستشرقين فورست ورينان وجزينس) أن أصول الألفاظ التي نشأت منها العربية وأخواتها العروبيات (الساميّات) تعود إلى المقطع الثنائي المكون من صامتين متحرك فساكن [ينظر: الأثول الثنائية في العربية 11] ثم فُؤمت، كما يقول بعضهم؛ أي: زيد فيها حرف أو أكثر في الصدر أو الحشو أو الطرف، وأكثر الزيادة تكون في الطرف ويليها ما يكون في الحشو ثم ما يكون في الصدر، وهم يسمونها زيادة وأنا أسمّيها فكًّا للتضعيف بإبدال ثاني المثلين حرفا آخر، أو إبدال أول المثلين أو حذف أحدهما بعد الفك وتعويضه بحرف في صدر الكلمة، فالمضعَّف عندي ثلاثي تطوَّر بالتضعيف من أصله الثنائي المتروك كما سيأتي، وهذه أمثلة لكل نوع من تلك الأنواع الثلاثة: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">أولا: أمثلة لما يقع في الطرف ويسمّى التذيل، وهو الأكثر: <o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">1-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">(قطْ/قطّ) وهو ثنائي تدور دلالته على القطع، ومنه تولّدت أصول ثلاثية بفكّ ثاني مثليه بالإبدال، مثل: قطب/ قطع/ قطف/ قطل/ قطم.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ومعنى القطع فيها جميعا مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل. </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">2-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(غمْ/ غمّ) وهو أصلٌ ثنائي تدور دلالته على التغطية والستر، ومنه تولّدت أصول ثلاثية، بفكّ ثاني مثليه بالإبدال، مثل: غمد/ غمر/ غمس/ غمض/ غمل/ غمن/ غمى، ومعنى التغطية ومعنى الستر فيها جميعا مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">3-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(نفْ/ نفّ) وهو أصل ثنائي تدور دلالته حول الخروج وأنواعه، ومنه تولّدت أصول ثلاثية تحمل المعنى هذا، بفكّ ثاني مثليه بالإبدال،وهي: نفت/ نفث/ نفج/ نفح/ نفخ/ نفد/ نفذ/ نفر/ نفز/ نفس/ نفش/ نفص/ نفض/ نفط/ نفغ/ نفق/ نفل/ نفو/ نفي، ومعنى الخروج فيها جميعا مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ثانيا أمثلة لما يقع في الحشو، أي بفك أول مثليه بالإبدال:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">1-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">(نمْ/ نمّ) وهو أصل تدور دلالته حول النفس والحياة والنفس والصوت(الأثول الثنائية في العربية 120)، فيتولّد منه أصول ثلاثية بالحشو، أي بفك أول مثليه بالإبدال، منها: نأم/ نتم/ نثم/ نجم/ نحم/ نخم/ ندم/ نسم/ نعم/ نغم/ نهم، فإن تأملت معانيها في المعاجم وجدتها تدور حول ذلك المعنى العام للثنائي مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">2-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">(فقْ/ فقّ) وتدور دلالته الأصلية حول الشَّقّ والاتّساع [الأثول الثنائية 91] فيتولّد منه أصول ثلاثية بالحشو، وهي: فأق/ فتق/ فحق/ فرق/ فسق/ فشق/ فلق/ فنق/ فهق. فإن تأملت معانيها في المعاجم وجدتها تدور حول ذلك المعنى العام للثنائي مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">3-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(سح/ سحّ) ومن دلالاته الجامعة التّباعد والاتّساع، فكان تطوره كما يلي: سح > سحّ> سبح/ سجح/ سدح/ سرح/ سطح/ سفح/ سمح/ سنح/ سوح/ سيح. مع اختلافات يسيرة يختصّ بها كلّ لفظ. </span><u><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ثالثا أمثلة لما يقع في الصدر ويسمّى التصدير:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">1-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">(رمْ/ رمّ) وتدور دلالته حول الكسر والقطع، وتولّد منه أصول ثلاثية بالتصدير؛ فينتقل إلى الثلاثية بالتضعيف (رمّ) ثم يُفكّ التضعيف وحذف أحد المثلين ويعوّض عنه بحرف في صدر الكلمة؛ فتولّد منه جذور، وهي: ثرم/ جرم/ خرم/ شرم/ صرم/ عرم، فإن تأملت معانيها في المعاجم وجدتها تدور حول ذلك المعنى العام للثنائي وهو الكسر والقطع وشبههما، مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">2-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(فزْ/ فزّ) وتدور دلالته حول الوثوب والتهيّؤ له [الأثول الثنائية 84]، فينتقل إلى الثلاثية بالتضعيف (فزّ) ثم يُفكّ التضعيف، وحذف أحد المثلين ويعوّض عنه بحرف في صدر الكلمة؛ وتولّد منه أصول ثلاثية، وهي: أفز/ جفز/ حفز/ شفز/ ضفز/ عفز/ قفز/ نفز/ وفز، وتدور حول ذلك المعنى العام للثنائي وهو الوثوب والتهيّؤ له، مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">3-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>(هرْ/ هرّ) وتدور دلالته حول الإضاءة والنور والنار والوضوح [الأثول الثنائية 122]، وتولّد منه أصول ثلاثية بفك التضعيف والحذف والتعويض، منها: بهر/ جهر/ زهر/ سهر/ شهر/ صهر/ ظهر/ نهر/ وهر، وتدور حول ذلك المعنى العام للثنائي العام، مع اختلافات يسيرة يختص بها كل أصل.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">أصول الثنائية لدى علمائنا:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">يبالغ باحثون معاصرون حين يربطون بين صنيع بعض المعجميين
في مدرسة التقليبات والنظرية الثنائية ويدّعون أنّ ما جاء في أبواب الثنائي في معاجم
العين والجمهرة والبارع والتهذيب والمحيط والمحكم يعدّ دليلا على أن أصحاب تلك المعاجم
كانوا يرون الثنائية في أصول بعض الألفاظ، وهو ما جاء فيها على صورة الثنائي مضعّفا،
والحقيقة أنّ ما في تلك المعاجم ما هو إلا صنعة معجمية اقتضاها تيسير التقليب
الكمّيّ للجذور في معاجمهم؛ لأن الثلاثي المشدّد لا ينتج عنه عند التقليب إلا
جذران في الاستعمال، هذا هو الغالب لندرة باب سلس وددن، على نحو ما فصّلته في
تداخل الأصول، فمثلا الجذور قدّ وشدّ وصبّ ينتج عنها مقلوب واحد هو: دقّ ودشّ
وبصّ، وليس في الكلام من باب سلس: دقد ودشد وصبص، ولا قدق وشدش وبصب، وليس فيه من
باب ددن: ددق أو ققد، ولا ددش أو ششد، ولا ببص أو صصب، ولذا وضعوه في الثنائي
صناعةً معجمية فحسب، وليس تصريفًا أو تأصيلَ جذور، ألا تراهم يقولون في باب
الثنائي: والحرف المشدّد حرفان؟! قال الخليل وهو رائد مدرسة التقليبات: «التشديد
علامة الإدغام والحرف الثالث» [العين1/ 50] وقال ابن دريد وهو من أرباب هذه
المدرسة: «واعلم أنّ الثلاثيّ أكثر ما يكون من الأبنية، فمن الثلاثي ما هو في الكتاب
وفي السّمع على لفظ الثنائي وهو ثلاثي لأنّه مَبنِيٌّ على ثلاثة أحرف: أوسطه ساكن وعينه
ولامه حرفان مثلان، فأدغموا السّاكن في المتحرك فصارَ حرفا ثقيلا، وكل حرف ثقيل فهو
يقوم مقام حرفين في وزن الشّعر وغيره» [الجمهرة 1/ 51] وانظر إلى قول القالي في
البارع وهو من هذه المدرسة حين يفتتح أبواب الثنائي بنحو قوله: «الجيم والراء في الثنائي
في الخط والثلاثي في الحقيقة لتشدّد أحد حرفيه» [البارع 568] وقوله: «الجيم والصاد
في الثنائي في الخط والثلاثي في الحقيقة لتشدّد أحد حرفيه» [البارع 578]. <o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">وبهذا يظهر جليًّا أنّ أبواب الثنائي في مدرسة
التقليبات ليست دليلا على قولهم بالثنائية أو إشارتهم لثنائية الجذور، بوجه أو
آخر، فلا صلة لأصحاب تلك المدرسة بنظرية الثنائية من قريب أو بعيد.<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">لكن هناك إرهاصات لنظرية الثنائية تظهر في
أقوال بعض اللغويين، حين يربطون بين الثنائي (الثلاثي المضعف) والأجوف أو الناقص، منها قول ابن الأعرابي: «ومن العربِ مَن يَقْلِبُ أحد الحرفين المُدغَمَينِ ياءً فيقولُ
في مَرٍّ: مَيْرٍ، وفي زِرٍّ: زِيرٍ، وهو الدُّجَةُ، وفي رِزٍّ: رِيز» [اللسان
(زير) 4/ 336]. </span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">ومن هذا قول ابن السكيت إن العرب تقول في كلّ بحر
أو نهر إذا فاض: طَمَّ يطمّ، وطَمَا يطمو، ويقال بالياء، أيضاً [ينظر:القلب والإبدال:
ضمن الكنـز اللّغويّ 60، 61].</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.66px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"></span><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">وقول ابن جنّي في الخاطريّات: « أرى في اللّغة ألفاظاً صالحة
يتوالى فيها التّضعيف واعتلال الأوّل من المثلين جميعاً ، وذلك كقولهم: الضِّحّ
والضّيح، ونحو قولهم: انصَبّ وصابَ يَصُوبُ...»[بقية الخاطريات 26].</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.66px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">وقول
ابن فارس: «إِنَّ للَّهِ تعالَى في كُلِّ شيءٍ سِرًّا ولَطيفةً. وقد تأَمَّلْتَ في
هذا البابِ من أَوَّله إلى آخِرِهِ فلا تَرَى الدَّالَ مُؤْتَلِفَةً معَ اللَّامِ بحرفٍ
ثالِثٍ إلا وهي تَدُلُّ على حركةٍ ومَجِيءٍ، وذَهابٍ وزَوالٍ من مَكانٍ إلى مَكانٍ،
واللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ» [مقاييس اللغة 2/ 298]</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "quot"; font-size: 20px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.66px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"> وقول
الرّاغب الأصفهانيّ في تفسير قوله تعالى: (وحاقَ بهِم ما كانُوا به
يَسْتَهْزِءُون) [سورة هود: الآية 8]: وقوله (ولا يَحيقُ المَكْرُ السَّيّئ إلاَّ
بِأَهْلِهِ) [سورة فاطر: الآية 43] : «أي: لا ينْزل ولا يصيب ، قيل: وأصله حَقَّ
فقلب ، نحو: زلَّ وزال... وعلى هذا : ذَمَّهُ وذامه»<sup> </sup>[المفردات (حاق)
266] ، فالحرف المعتلّ في هذه الأمثلة مبدل من الحرف الأوّل في المضعّف ،
للتّخفيف. </span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">وقول الجوهريّ: «غبا ، أصله: غبَّ ، فأبدل من أحد حرفي التّضعيف الألف ،
مثل: تَقَضَّى ، أصله: تَقَضَّضَ ، يقول : لا آتيك ما دام الذّئب يأتي الغنم
غِبّاً» [الصّحاح (غبس) 3/955] </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">وللخليل إماحة مهمة في العين، وهي في قوله: ((ويروى:
داعب دَدَدٌ، يجعله نعتا للداعب، ويكسعه بدالٍ أُخرى ثالثة ليتمّ النّعت، لأن النعت
لا يتمكّن حتى يصير ثلاثة أحرف)) [العين 2/ 51] وهذا نص تاريخي مهم، وفيه إرهاصات بنقل
الثنائيات إلى الثلاثيات بزيادة حرف.<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">ولعل من أوضح ما يمكن أن يقال عن إلماحات
القدماء في شأن العلاقة بين الثنائي (الثلاثي المضاعف) ومفكوكاته الثلاثيات في
الدلالة والأصوات ما نجده في كلامٍ للزمخشري في الكشاف عند حديثه عن الآية الثالثة
من سورة البقرة ففيه إلماحة باهرة للثنائية وتقارب الجذور المفكوكة، حين قال:
«وأنْفَقَ الشيءَ وأنفَدَه أخوان. وعن يعقوب: نَفَقَ الشيءُ، ونَفَدَ واحد. وكل ما
جاء مما فاؤه نون وعينه فاء، فدالٌّ على معنى الخروج والذهاب ونحو ذلك إذا تأملت»[الكشاف
1/ 41 سورة البقرة الآية 3]. قال السمين الحلبي: «وهو كما قال نحو: نَفِد نَفَق نَفَر
نَفَذ نَفَس نَفَش نَفَثَ نفح نفخ نَفَضَ نَفَل»[الدر المصون 1/ 96 سورة البقرة
الآية 3].</span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ما أراه في الثنائية:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">يستقرّ النظرُ عندي على صحّة النظرية الثنائية وصلاحها لتفسير شيء غير قليل من نشأة اللغة العربية والكشف عن العلاقات بين الجذور الثلاثية المتطورة من جذور ثنائية، وكذلك بعض الرباعيات المتطورة من تلك الثلاثيات ذات الأصول الثنائية، وأراها من أحسن النظريات اللغوية التي ظهرت في العصر الحديث، ودون غلوّ فيها، فهي تمثل مرحلة لغوية قديمة في اللغة، ويمكن تسميتها: مرحلة الطفولة، وكان تضعيف الحرف الثاني -ويسميه الصرفيون الثلاثي المضعّف- هو المرحلة الحاسمة في تطور الثنائية، وهو يمثّل مرحلة المراهقة وبداية القوّة والعنفوان، وكان هذا المشدّد هو الجسر الذي عَبَرَت عن طريقه الثنائيات إلى الثلاثيات، وهو حلقة وسطى بين الثنائي والثلاثي، وينفرد عن غيره بأنه ثنائي من وجهٍ وثلاثي من وجه، وبفضل هذا التضعيف (التشديد) انتقل الجذر الثنائي إلى جذر ثلاثي صحيح أو معتلّ عن طريق الفك والإبدال أو التعويض. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما مرحلة النُّضج فهي مرحلة الجذور الثلاثية الصحاح وما بعدها من رباعيات وخماسيات، فالثلاثية في نظري هي الاختراع الصرفي العظيم الذي اكتشفته العربية وعُرفت به في تصريفها ومعجمها الفريد، وقد كثر الوضع في هذه المرحلة حتى رأينا جذورًا لا صلة لها بالثنائية، وقد بلغ من أمرها في ذروة مرحلة النضج عند نزول القرآن بلسان العرب أن تلك الثلاثيات الوليدة في مرحلة النضج والاكتمال التي لا صلة لها بالثنائية هي السواد الأعظم في اللغة وقطب الرحى لمعجمها؛ فلا ندَّعي أنَّ كل ثلاثيِّ ولد من رحم الثنائي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>وأوجز تاريخ ألفاظ العربية من حيث التطور في ثلاث مراحل، وهي:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>المرحلة الأولى</b>: مرحلة الجذر الثنائي المكون من مقطع أحادي (صامتين متحرك فساكن مثل رمْ وقطْ) وهذه هي مرحلة طفولة اللغة، ويظهر أنها مرحلة قصيرة نسبيا.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>المرحلة الثانية:</b> مرحلة المراهقة اللغوية والانطلاق، وهي مرحلة تضعيف الحرف الثاني الساكن في المقطع الأحادي، مثل: رمّ وقطّ. وهذه المرحلة بالغة الخطورة؛ لأن هذا الثلاثي المضعّف هو الجسر الذي عبرت عن طريقه الثنائيات إلى الضفة الأخرى ضفة الثلاثي، وهي مرحلة أقصر من سابقتها، كانت كانكسار السّدّ وفيضان الماء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>المرحلة الثالثة:</b> مرحلة الثلاثي وما بعده من رباعيات وخماسيات، وهي مرحلة النضج، وأعدّ الجذر الثلاثي قنبلة اللغة العربية الانشطارية التي فجّرت طاقتها وأغنتها غنى فاحشا في الألفاظ، كما أسلفت، وهي أطول المراحل الثلاث فيما يظهر لي، وأعظمها بلا شكّ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"> ولم يكن انتقال اللفظ الثنائي إلى الفضاء الثلاثي الرحب إلا بعد تضعيف الثنائي، وتحويله إلى ثلاثي مضعف قابل للتحول أو التلوين الصوتي بالفكِّ مع الإبدال أو التعويض، كما سبق في الأحوال الثلاث، فكل ثنائي يتحول إلى الثلاثي بهذا الطريقة. والفك بالإبدال لا الزيادة المحضة هو الأداة ، ويكون الإبدال في الحشو والتذييل، ويكون التعويض في الصدر، كما تقدم، ولا أرى قول القائلين بزيادة الحرف الثالث أو الثاني أو الأول، وهذه نقطة خلاف مع الثنائيين نتجت عن النظر إلى الحرف المشدّد، وما أراه هو أن تشديد اللفظ الثنائي كان الجسر الذي عبرت عن طريقه الثنائية في رحلتها التاريخية إلى الثلاثية. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ولما كانت الثنائية مرحلة تاريخة تمثّل نشأة اللغة أو طفولتها إن صح التعبير فإن اللغة بعد تحولها إلى الثلاثية ووضعها الأسس الصرفية عليها وعلى الرباعي والخماسي فإنها </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">–</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">أي الثنائية- قد هُجرت تماما، ولم يبق من مرحلتها التاريخية الأولى إلا أطلال قديمة متفرقة متناثرة في المعاجم، وأحافير لا تكاد تلحظها إلا عيون الباحثين، لطغيان الجذر الثلاثي بجبروت التصريف، وما أشبه الثنائيات ببقايا أحيائنا القديمة جدا قبل قرون في مدننا الكبيرة حين طغى عليها العمران الحديث والتهمها التوسع والتغيير المهول في الهندسة والعمران، فلم يبق منها إلا رسوم لا يكاد يلحظها أكثر الناس، فأين تلك الأحياء الصغيرة القديمة من مساحات المدن الكبيرة وأحيائها الحديثة، وكذلك الثنائية إذا قيست بالتوسع اللغوي المهول الذي طرأ على العربية في عصورها الجاهلية الأولى التي لا نكاد نعرف عنها شيئا؟! ومن المؤكد أنها تمتد في الماضي آلاف السنين، وربما مئات الألوف كما يقول أحد الباحثين [في التطور اللغوي 86] قبل الساميين والحاميين والآريين، وأن اللغة العربية التي بلغت ذروتها في الإحكام الصرفي والنحوي عند نزول القرآن مرّت بمراحل حتى وصلت إلى ما وصلت إليه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ومع أن نشوء النظرية الثنائية تزامن مع ظهور نظرية الاصطفاء والتطور الأحيائي الداروينية إلا أنها من المنظور اللغوي العلمي المتجرد ليست معتقدا ولا ميتافيزيقا ولا خيالا أو بهرجة أو تكلّفا كما قد يرى بعضهم بل هي واقع لغوي ملموس تراه ماثلا في المعجم وتؤيده الدلالة والتحليل اللغوي، ويمكن لها أن تفتح مغاليق في المعجم العربي في بعض الجذور، وربما تعين من يريد أن يواصل البحث في نظرية ابن فارس في الثلاثيات والرباعيات المتطورة من جذور أصغر. وقد أفادتني الثنائية كثيرا في ضوابط الفوائت الظنية، وبمساعدتها رجّحت القول بالفائت الظنّي في عدد من الألفاظ [انظر: فوائت المعاجم].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">وهنا يرد سؤال في غاية الأهمية، وهو: كيف نوفّق بين الثنائيين ومعارضيهم أو كيف نوفق بين الثنائية والتصريف؟ لقد واجهت الثنائية نقدًا لاذعًا مشوبًا بالسخرية من عدد من الباحثين اللغويين التقليديين أو المحافظين، لما يعدّونه من الثغرات في بنيان هذه النظرية، وأبرزها ثغرتان كبيرتان: <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">الأولى</span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">: أن التصريف يهدم هذه النظرية؛ لأنه لا يعدّها شيئا ولا يتعامل مع اللفظ الثنائي إلا بعد نقله إلى الثلاثي بالتضعيف، وأن ما وجد من ألفاظ ثنائية في ظاهرها مثل يَدٍ ودَمٍ ما هي إلا ثلاثيات حذف منها حرف لكثرة الاستعمال، ويستدلون بالتصريف عند التثنية والجمع والتصغير إذ يرجع الحرف المحذوف إلى موضعه، وربما اغتر بهذا بعض الباحثين المعاصرين، وهو أرنست لينان إذ قال: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;">((</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">اللغة العربية ظهرت فجأة على غاية الكمال، وهذا أغرب ما وقع في تاريخ البشر، فليس لها طفولة ولا شيخوخة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;">))</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">. وقوله مردود بما سبق.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">والثغرة <u>الثانية</u> قصور النظرية وتعذر تطبيقها على أكثر الثلاثيات، فلا يمكن أن تقول: إن عرف من عر، وأن دخل من دخ وأن جلس من جل، فالنظرية مبنية على ألفاظ انتقائية قليلة أراد أصحابها أن يعمموا نتيجتها، وحاولوا إقناع الناس بها! وساعد المنكرين الرافضين غلوُّ بعض الثنائيين في شأنها ومنهم الأب مرمرجي الدومنكي حتى ليكاد يلزمنا القول بالثنائية إلزاما، فالرباعيات عنده ليست مجردة كما يقول الصرفيون بل هي ثلاثيات مزيدة، والثلاثيات المجردة من مثال وأجوف وناقص ومهموز ومضاعف ومكرره «هي بأجمعها قابلةُ الردِّ إلى الرّسّ الثنائي، فيجدر من ثم طرحها من مجموع الأصول الثلاثية. فيبقى السالم وحده، وهو كذلك هيّن رُدّ أغلبيته إلى الثنائي... أما البقية الباقية البائن تعذر ردها من الثلاثي إلى الثنائي فذلك يمكن عزوه إلى ضياع الرساس الثنائية» [معجميات عربية سامية 80] فالثلاثي وما فوقه توسّعات اشتقاقية للرس الثنائي، وعنه صدر جميع التوسّعات والاشتقاقات [ينظر: هل العربية منطقية 145، ومعجميات عربية سامية 79، وأصول اللغة العربية بين الثنائية والثلاثية 31]. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذا الغلو في الثنائية الذي نراه عند الدومنكي مردودٌ عليه وغير مقبول، وما يزعمه لا يُسلّم به، فالثلاثيات التي يصعب ردها إلى الأصل الثنائي أو يتعذر هي أكثر بكثير مما نجد فيه بقايا للثنائية، بل إن ما يمكن رده إلى الثنائية لا يتجاوز في تقديري 10% ولعلّه أقل، وكيف يفوت الدومنكي وهو الباحث اللغوي الحصيف أن اللغة بعد استقرارها على التصريف الثلاثي لا بد لها أن تمضي في نموها وتوسّعها بالوضع والاشتقاق بأنواعه في مرحلة النضج تلك التى ترجع إلى آلاف السنين واضعة الرِّسّ الثنائي وراء ظهرها؟! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">وأقول في الختام: إن الثنائية مرحلة قديمة جدا، تجاوزتها اللغة في نموها الأبدي وسيرها نحو النضج والكمال، ولم يبق من تلك المرحلة إلا الأطلال والبقايا المتناثرة في المعاجم، لا يراها إلا الباحثون المعنيّون بالتأصيل والتفكيك الجذري أو الجذوري، ولكنّ إنكارها يُعدّ خطأ لغويًّا في حق لغتنا، كما أنه يحرم اللغويين من إشارات معجمية هادية كالمنارات في الطرق في غاية الأهمية.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"><b>فواصل:</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">- الثنائيات جذور هرمة متآكلة في لغتنا، وهي تخفي طفولة العربية. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">- الثلاثيات قنبلة العربية ومنجمها الأكبر، وطاقتها المتجددة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">- حين فشلت الجذور الخماسية أنهت العربية مغامرتها في رحلة التطور، وعدّتِ الخماسيات غلطة.!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%;">ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;">عبدالرزاق الصاعدي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"> -</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"> المدينة المنورة. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: black; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #14171a; direction: rtl; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.66px; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">نشر هذا المقال في أربعة مقالات في جريدة الجزيرة </span>بعنوان: (هل كان للغة العرب </span>طفولة<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #14171a; direction: rtl; display: inline; float: none; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 20px; text-align: right; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> ومراهقة؟)<span style="color: #b00000; font-family: "times new roman";"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">بتاريخ:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; display: inline !important; float: none; font: 400 20px/22.66px Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">28/ 5/ 2016م </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; display: inline !important; float: none; font: 400 20px/22.66px Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> 5/ 6/ 2016م </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; display: inline !important; float: none; font: 400 20px/22.66px Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> 11/ 6/ 2016م </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; display: inline !important; float: none; font: 400 20px/22.66px Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> 18/
6/ 2016م</span></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-52568677897089942192018-11-30T16:29:00.000+03:002018-11-30T19:50:29.259+03:00تشدّدُ الأصمعي ووَهْمُ الجواليقي في النِّحِرير والنَّحارير:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>تشدّدُ
الأصمعيّ ووَهْمُ الجواليقي في النِّحِرير والنَّحارير</b><u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">كان
الأصمعيّ يحمل لواء اللغويين الأكثر تشدّدًا أو تحرّزًا في رواية اللغة، ويتسع في
مفهوم المولد، ونراه أحيانًا ينكر شيئًا من كلام العرب وغيرُهُ يثبته، ومما أنكره
كلمة النِّحْرِير وزعم أنها ليست من كلام العرب، قال ابن دريد: ((رجل بليدٌ بَيّنُ
البَلادة: ضدّ النِّحْرير. وكان الأصمعِيّ يقول: النِّحْرِير ليس من كلام العَرَب،
وهي كلمة مولدة)). (الجمهرة (روغ) 2/ 783).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ويبدو
أنّ الجواليقي وَهِمُ فيها حين ظنّ أنّ الأصمعي يراها معرّبة أو أعجمية، بقوله: ((ليست
من كلام العرب)) فوضعها في كتاب المعرّب (ص 331)، ضمن الكلمات المعرّبة، ويريد الأصمعي
بقوله: إنها ليست من كلام العرب أنّ الأوائل من العرب لم يعرفوها، فهي عنده مما ولّده
المولّدون في زمانه. وذكره بعضهم في المولد اغترارا بقول الأصمعي، كالسيوطي في (المزهر 1/ 243) والخفاجي في (شفاء الخليل 497) واعترض الأخير على لأصمعي لحكمه بتوليدها، وإشار إلى عربيتها بشاهد عدي بن زيد والاشتقاق.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ولا يسلّم للأصمعي بهذا الحكم الجائر على هذه الكلمة، فهي عربية المادّة والاشتقاق، وليس فيها من العجمة أو التعريب شيء، وجاءت
في شعر قديم، ورواها أغلب صُنّاع المعاجم دون أن ينكروها، ولم يلتفتوا لقوله، وأذكر من نصوصهم:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">قال
الفارابي في (ديوان الأدب 2/ 77): النِّحْرير: العالِمُ الجيِّدُ العِلْمِ.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وقال
الأزهري (تهذيب اللغة (نحر) 5/ 11): النحْرِيرُ: الرجُل الطَبِنُ الفَطِنُ فِي كل شَيْء،
وَجمعه: النَّحَارِيرُ.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وقال
ابن فارس (المقاييس 5/ 400): والعالمُ بالشَّيءِ المُجَرّبِ نِحْرِيرٌ، وهو إن كان
من القياسِ الّذي ذكرناه، بمعنى أنّه يَنْحَرُ العِلمَ نَحْرًا، كقولك: قتلت هذا الشّيءَ
علمًا. وارتضى الصغاني في العباب (نحر) هذا الاشتقاق.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وقال
الفيروزي (القاموس (نحر) 618): النِحْرُ والنِحْريرُ، بكسرهما: الحاذِقُ الماهِرُ،
العاقِلُ المُجَرِّبُ، المُتْقِنُ، الفَطِنُ، البَصيرُ بكُلِّ شيءٍ، لأَنَّهُ يَنْحَرُ
العِلْمَ نَحْراً.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وقال الرضي الاستراباذي (شرح الكافية ): ((والنحر، أيضا، بمعنى الأظهار؛ لأنّ نحر الأبل يتضمنه، ومنه قولهم: قتلته نحرا، وقولهم للعالم: نحرير: لأن القتل والنحر يتضمنان إظهار ما في داخل الحيوان))</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وزاد
مرتضى الزَّبيدي (التاج نحر14/ 187) في هذا قوله: وسُئلَ جَريرٌ عن شُعراءِ الإسلام
قال: نَبْعَةُ الشِّعْرِ للفرَزْدَق. قيل: فما تركتَ لنفسك قال: أنا نَحَرْتُ الشِّعرَ
نَحْرَاً.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وحين
نبحث عن شواهد هذه الكلمة في النصوص نراهم يروون قول عَدِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ العِبَادِيُّ
التَّمِيمِيُّ (توفي في 35 ق.هـ)</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأنا النّاصِرُ الحَقِيْقَةَ إنْ أظْـ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ـلَمَ
يَوْمٌ تَضِيْقُ فيه الصُّدُوْرُ</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يَوْمَ لا يَنْفَعُ الرَّواغُ ولا يَنْـ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ـفَعُ إلّا المُشَيَّعُ النَّحْــرِيرُ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt;">وهو
في ديوانه 90 بتحقيق المعيبد، ويروى هذا الشاهد للأسود بن يَعْفُر، كما في الجمهرة
(روغ) 2/ 783 المعرب 331.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وقال
عمر بن أبي ربيعة المخزومي (ت 93هـ):</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أتحذرُ وَشْكَ البَينِ أم لستَ تحذرُ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وذو الحَذَرِ
النِّحْرِيرُ قَدْ يَتَفَكَّرُ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">ونجد
لهذا الكلمة ذكرًا في كتب غريب الحديث (الغريبين للهروي 6/ 1816 وغريب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"> ابن الجوزي
2/ 396 والنهاية لابن الأثير 9/ 4091) فيما يروونه من حديث حذيفة: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">وُكِّلَتِ الفتنةُ
بثلاثةٍ: بالحادِّ النِّحْرير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"> قال ابن الأثير: هو الفطن البصير بكل شيء.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ونحرير
فعليل، وهو وزن عربي عريق، ومنه صِنْديد وحِلْتِيت وسِرْطِيط، وغِرْبيبٌ، وسِخْتيتُ،
وعِبْديدُ، وقِنْديدُ، وخِنْذيذُ، وشِمْطيطُ، وعِرْنِين، وصِّهْميمُ.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ــــــــــــــــــــــــ</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>عبدالرزاق
الصاعدي<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>المدينة
المنورة 22 ربيع الأول 1440هـ<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>الموافق
30 نوفمبر 2018م<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-43634433415918867152018-11-19T18:27:00.005+03:002019-02-02T09:30:30.534+03:00السماع بعد عصور الاحتجاج:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>السماع
بعد عصور الاحتجاج</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;">لستُ
بِدعاً في ثقتي فيما تواتر من مفردات البدو في العصور التي أعقبت عصور الاحتجاج، وإن
طال بعدهم</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"> عن زمن الفصاحة لثقتي بأن المستوى المعجمي أقل المستويات في التأثر بالتغيير،
فرأيت من القرائن ما يجعلني أثق في أن ألفاظهم ودلالاتها يمكن أن يستفاد منها إن تحققت
فيها شروط الفوائت الظنية، فهذا الزمخشري (ت 538هـ) يثبت في معجمه سماعه من أعرابي
في القرن السادس، قال الزمخشري: «وسمعتُ بالبادية كوفيّاً يقول لأعرابيّ: كيف ماوان؟
قال: مَيِّهَةٌ، قال أَمْيَهُ ممّا كانت؟ قال: نعم؛ أَمْوَهُ مما كانت»، فيُلحظ
أن الأعرابي صوب للكوفي، فجعل الكلمة واوية لا يائية، فالكوفي يقول: (أَمْيَهُ) والأعرابي
يقول: (أَمْوَهُ)، وهذه هو وجه الاستشهاد الذي أراده الزمخشري.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;">وقد
رأيت أن الزمخشري في معجمه أساس البلاغة يكثر من قوله: سمعت، وترددت هذه الكلمة في
سماعات</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"> لغوية له أكثر من مئة مرة، وروى لنا مادّة تستحق أن تجمع وتدرس، ومنها على سبيل
المثال قوله: «سمعتُهُم يقولون: فلان يَسْتَحِيطُ في أمره وفي تجارته؛ أي: يبالغ في
الاحتياط ولا يترك».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ من العرب: بيتٌ جَهْوان».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ العرب يقولون في المحاجاة: تَحَكَّيتُك، وهو نحو تقضّي الباز، أو من الحكاية».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهُم يقولون: عَيناه تَخاذَفَتا بالدَّمْع».</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهم يقولون: خَرَطَني بَطْني، وخَرَّطَ البقلُ الماشيةَ تخريطاً».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ أهل السّراة يقولون: رَفَعَ اللهُ خَصَّتَك».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ من العرب من يقول في رائيّة ذي الرُّمّة: أبياتُها كلّها دِفْنُ؛ أي: غامِضة
معمّاة».</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«ورأيت العرب يسمّون الكُزْبَرة والدُّقّة، وينشدون:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">باتَـتْ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لهـنَّ ليـــلةٌ دُعْفُقَّـه<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">طَعْمُ
السُّرَى فيها كطعمِ الدُّقّه<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">مـن
غائر العينِ بعيـدِ الشُّقّه<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"><span style="font-size: large;">وسمعتُ
باعة مكّة ينادون عليها بهذا الاسم».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ من يقول لكلامٍ استهجَنَه: هذا كلامٌ يُذْرَقُ </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";">عليه».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ بمكّة -حرَسَها اللهُ- شَيخاً من الشّرف ومعه بُنَيٌّ له مَليح؛ دخلَ عليَّ
صَبيحةَ بنائي على أُمِّ هذ</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"> الصّبيّ صَبيٍّ من أهلِ السَّراة ابن ثمان سنين فقال لي:
ثَبَّتَ اللهُ رَبْعَك وأحدث ابنك؛ أراد: ثَبَّتَ اللهُ بيتَك؛ أي: أهلَك وامرأتَك».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ من يقول: أين رَبِيتَ يا صَبيّ، بوزن رَضِيتَ وتَرَبَّيتَ».</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وارْتَدَّ هِبَتَه: ارتجعها، سمعتُه منهم سَماعاً واسعاً، ومنه قوله:</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">فيا
بطحـاءَ مَكّة خَبِّريـني<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أما تَرْتَدُّني
تلك البِقاعُ»<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهُم يقولون: رَصِّنْ لي هذا الخبرَ، بمعنى حَقِّقْه».</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهم يقولون: مالي في هذا رَفَقٌ».</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«سمعتُ مُرْشِدَ بنَ مِعْضادٍ الخَفاجي يقول: خَرجتُ أُبَدِّدُ، كنَّى بذلك عن البَول».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقوله:
«وسَمعتُ مُرْشِداً الخفاجي: تَرَيَّقْتُ الماءَ ورَيَّقْتُهُ الشرابَ: سَقَيته إيّاه
على غير ثُفْل».</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ خُضيراً الهُذليّ يقول: الحُداء زَبَدُ الفُؤاد؛ أي: يرمى به القلبُ كما يَرمى
الماءُ بزَبَدِه، أرادَ سهولتَه عليه».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهُم يقولون: حَيّا اللهُ سَبَلَتَك، وحَيّا اللهُ هذه السَّبَلَةَ المباركة».</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ من يحي النار وهو يقول:</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">تشبّـبي
تَشَبُّـبَ النَّميـــمَهْ<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">تَسْعَى
بها زَهْراً إلى تَمِيمَهْ»<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ بمكّة من يقول لحامل الجُوالق: اسْتَشِقَّ به؛ أي: حَرِّفْه على أحَدِ شِقَّيه
حتى ينفذَ البابَ».</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهم يقولون: أَوْرِنِيه».</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ في طريق مكّة صَبيّاً من العَرَبِ وقد انْتَحَى عليه بَعيرٌ: ضَرَبْتُهُ فعَرَّدَ
عنّي».</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ صَبيّاً من هُذيل يقول: غَثَّتْ علينا مَكّةُ فلا بُدَّ لنا من الخروج».</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ أهلَ الحِجاز يقولون: غارَقَني كذا؛ إذا دانَى وشارَفَ».</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«ومن المجاز: فلانٌ حارس من الحرّاس أي سارق، وهو مما جاء على طريق التهكّم والتعكيس،
ولأنهم وجدوا الحُرّاس فيهم السرقة. كما قال:</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">ومُحْتَرِسٍ
من مثله<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وهو<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>حارسٌ<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">فواعجباً
من حارسٍ هو مُحْتَرسْ<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";"><span style="font-size: large;">ونحوه
كل الناس عُدول إلا العُدولَ، فقالوا للسّارق: حارس، وقد رأيتُهُ سائراً على ألسنة
العرب من الحجازيين وغيرهم، يتكلم به كلُّ أحد، يقول الرجل لصاحبه: يا حارسُ، وما أنت
إلا حارس».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ خادماً من اليمامة يقول وقد وَكَفَ السقف: يا سيدي؛ هل أَهَبُ عليه الترابَ؟
بمعنى هل أجعله عليه؟ وهو من الهِبَة».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ العَرَب يقولون: فُلانٌ فَرْخٌ من الفُروخ: يريدون وَلدَ زِناً. وقالوا: فلانٌ
فُرَيخُ قومه</span></span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">: للمُكَرَّم منهم».</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهم يقولون: افْتَضَحْنا فيك؛ أي: فَرَّطْنا في زيارَتِك وتَفَقُّدِك».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتهم يقولون: فلان فَلِسٌ من كلّ خير».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وركبتُ في القارِب إلى الفُلك، وهي سَفينةٌ صغيرة تكون مع الملاّحين تُسْتَخَفُّ لحوائجهم،
وسمعتُ أنّهم يُسمّونه: السُّنبوك».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«واكتريتُ من أعرابيّ فقال لي: أعطني من سِطَاتِهَنَّهْ: أراد من خيار الدنانير».</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهُم يقولون: هذا طريق قَشيبٌ: قَذِر، وفيه قَشَبُ: قَذَرٌ».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهُم يقولون: اسْتَهِمَّ لي في كذا».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ من يقول لامرأةٍ: انْدُرِي. وأنْدَرْتُهُ: أخرجته».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وأنشدني بعض الحجازيين:</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">وبتنــا
بقِرْواحِيَّـــــةٍ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>لا ذَرا لهـا<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>مِـنَ الرِّيـح<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>إلّا<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أن
نَلُـوذَ بكُـورِ<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">فلا
الصُّبْحُ يأتينا ولا الليلُ ينقضي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولا الرِّيحُ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>مأذونٌ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>لها<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بسُكُـورِ»</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقوله:
«وقف عليّ شيخُ من أهل السَّرَاة في المسجد الحرام فقال لي: ما عَضَبَك؟».</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهُم يقولون: وَقَعت هَوشةٌ في السُّوق وجَفْلة، وهو أن ينفِرَ الناسُ لخوفٍ
يلحقهم».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ في المسجد الحرام سائلاً يقول: من يَدُلُّني على وَجْهِ عربيٍّ كريمٍ يَحْمِلُني
على نُعَيْلَه».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُهم يقولون لأهل مكة: المُكُوك، واسْتَوْلَى على مَكّةَ مرةً ناجمٌ من بلادِ
نجدٍ فطَرَدُوه، فلما خرَجَ قال: خذوا مُكَيْكَتَكُم».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقوله:
«وسمعتُ صَبِيّةً سَرَوِيّة بمَكّة تقول: عُيَينَتِي نُوَيظرةٌ إلى اللهِ وإليكم».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">والزمخشري
في هذه السماعات ينقل عن أهل زمانه في القرن السادس في الحجاز وغيره؛ لأنّه يعرف أن
اللفظ ليس كالتركيب النّحوي الذي أصابه الفساد بعد عصور الاحتجاج، وكأنه بهذا لا يقرّ
قصر السماع في الألفاظ والدلالة على زمن الاحتجاج المشهور، وأكثر سماعاته من أهل الحجاز،
حين إقامته بمكة والمدينة، ولو استقرّ في نجد لنقل سماعاته ودوّنها في معجمه، ومنهجه
سديد.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وفي
القرن السابع نجد الصغاني في غير موضع ينقل عن أهل زمانه، ففي التكملة نراه يرد على
الجوهري ويستند إلى استفاضة المسموع في عصره، ويصوّب له العُضَل بضم العين ويقول:
«هذا سياق كلام الجوهري، وهذا السياق يندّد بأنّه: العُضَل، بضمّ العين، على ما هو
هِجّيراه في وضع كتابه. والصواب: العَضَل ، بالتحريك، واستفاضة هذه اللغة، واستمرارُ
ألسنة أهل حَرَض وما والاها عليها تغني عن الاستظهار فيه بما سواه»، وحرض هذه مدينة
يمنية لم تزل معروفة إلى اليوم، جعل الصغاني لغة أهلها دليلا له على الردّ على الجوهري؛
وصحح بما في لهجتهم في القرن السابع ضبط الكلمة؛ لأنه أدرك أن لغتهم وثيقة الصّلة بجذورها
القديمة، وأنها لم تفسد في المفردات.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وفي
القرن الثاني عشر نرى المرتضى الزَّبيدي يأنس أحياناً بلغة أهل عصره، ويقول : «قلتُ:
ويُقال: فُلانٌ في تَنْبُوكِ عِزِّه؛ أي: غاية ما بَلَغ من عِزِّه، سَمِعْتُها من عرب
الحجاز».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقال
في مادة تبك: «تَبُوك؛ لأنَّ الأزهرِيَّ قد نَقَل عن بعضٍ أَصالَة التّاء، كما سَبَق،
فينبغي أن يُشِيرَ إليه، كما فَعَل في تِبراك مع أنّه ذَكَرَه في برك ويُقَوّي هذا
القول ما سَمِعْت من عامَّة أهل الشّامِ ينطقون به بضمّ الأوّل».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقال
في تأصيل يستأهل: «قلتُ: وسمعتُ أيضا هكذا من فُصحاء أعراب الصَّفراء، يقول واحِدٌ
للآخر: أنت تَسْتَأْهِلُ يا فُلانُ الخَيرَ، وكذا سمعتُ أيضا مِن فُصحاء أَعراب اليَمن»(
). وتأمل قوله في وصفه حالهم: «فُصحاء أَعراب الصَّفراء» والصفراء وادٍ في ناحية الغرب
من المدينة وعلى ضفته تقع بدر، وتسكنه قبائل وبطون أكثرها من حرب من بني سالم وبعض
بني عوف، ونقلت عن الأعراب في هذا الوادي كثيرا من الألفاظ التي دوّنتها في الفوائت
الظنية.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقال
الزَّبيدي: «ومما يُستَدرَك عليه: إِشْكِيفٌ، كإِزْمِيلٍ: الغُلامُ الحَسَنُ الوَجه،
هكذا يَسْتَعْمِلُه الحجازيّون، ولا إِخالُهُ إلاّ مُعَرَّباً».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقال:
«الجَبُوبُ: حِصْنٌ باليمن، والمشهور الآنَ على أَلسنة أهلها ضَمُّ الأَوّل كما سمعتُهم».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large; text-indent: 36pt;">وقال
بعد أن أورد قول سيبويه في (المِسْكِينُ) وأنه مِن الألفاظ المُتَرَحَّم بها: «قلْتُ:
وسَمِعْتهم يقُولُونَ عنْدَ التَّرَحُّم مُسَيْكِين بالتَّصْغيرِ».</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقال:
«الغَزْغَزة: الأكلُ بالأشداقِ من غير شَهوةِ نفسٍ؛ كأنّه مُكرَهٌ عليه، هكذا سمعتهم
يقولون، وأَحْرِ به أن يكون عربيّاً صَحيحا».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وقال:
«وكِنْدَةُ، بِالْكَسْرِ، هذا هو المشهور المتداول، وعليه اقتصر الجمهور، قال شيخنا:
ورأَيت مَنْ ضَبَطَه بالفَتح أيضاً في كُتب الأنساب. قلت: وسمعت أهل عُمان والبحرين
والكِندِيِّين يقولون: كُنْدَة، بالضمّ».</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">وتفيد
هذه الروايات أهمية السماع من (الأعراب) أهل البادية، لنقاء لغتهم في تلك الأزمان،
وأنه يمكن أن يستفاد من كلامهم في اللغة، وإن كانت الرواية عنهم بعد عصور الاحتجاج.
ومعلوم أن لغة الأعراب هي مادة اللغة في عصور الفصاحة ولم تزل كذلك حتى بعد عصور الفصاحة،
على الرغم مما طرأ عليها كغيرها، لكن لهجاتهم تبقى هي الأقرب للفصحى، وعلى اللغويين
أن يستفيدوا من كلام الأعراب، دون وجل، فبأيديهم معايير الفُصحى وموازينها تُعينهم
على اكتشاف المخبوء.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;">وليت الباحثين اللغويين وطلاب الدراسات العليا يلتفتون
إلى البحوث اللغوية الميدانية ويرحلون إلى المواضع النائية في بادية الجزيرة لمشافهة
أهلها من كبار السن، وتسجيل كلامهم صوتيا وتدوينه واستخراج ما فيه من فصيح، وعرضه على
المعجم ومعايير العربية. فثمة بقايا للفصاح في كلامهم، يوشك أكثره أن ينقرض وتفقده
العربية.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";">ولو
قُدّر لصنّاع المعاجم بعد القرن الرابع (أي في الخامس والسادس والسابع والثامن) أن
يشافهوا الأعراب ويأخذوا عنهم ويختاروا ما يناسب أقيسة اللغة لجمعوا قدراً وافراً مما
فات أسلافهم من صنّاع المعاجم، وحفظوا ألفاظاً نُقدِّر أنها دَرَسَتِ اليومَ وفات معاجمنا
العراقية تدوينها فذهبت بذهاب أهلها. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">ـــــــــــــــــــ<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;">تركت
الإحالات هنا وهي في الكتاب (فوائت المعاجم).</span><span dir="LTR" style="line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-60689433753369450442018-11-19T17:05:00.000+03:002018-11-19T17:05:02.206+03:00علّة الثقة في لهجاتنا في أرض المنبع على مستوى المعجم:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>علّة
الثقة في لهجاتنا في أرض المنبع على مستوى المعجم</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إنّ
مما يجعلنا نثق في لهجاتنا في جزيرة العرب ومنها منابع اللغة كنجد والحجاز وتهامة والسراة
أنْ نرى الألفاظ أو الأساليب الغريبة التي دونتها المعاجم وكتب الغريب لم تزل حَيّة
مستعملة كما هي.</span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ومن
يقرأ معاجم اللهجات مثل (فصيح العامّيّ في شمال نجد) لعبدالرحمن السويداء، في مجلداته
الثلاثة و(معجم الأصول الفصيحة للألفاظ الدارجة) للشيخ محمد بن ناصر العبودي، في مجلداته
الأحد عشر يقفْ على مادّة معجميّة فصيحة ثريّة.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد
رأيت في بعض ما جمعتُهُ من ألفاظ لهجاتنا في أرض المنبع الكثير مما كنتُ أظنُّه للوهلة
الأولى </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">فائتًا ظنيًّا فإذا هو مرصود في معاجمنا، بلفظه ومعناه، وفي كل مرة تزداد ثقتي
في المستوى المعجمي للهجاتنا، وأن ما أصاب بعض ألفاظها من تغيير في الصوت أو البنية
لم يبعدها عن أصلها أو يطمس معالمها، ومن السّهل إصلاح ذلك ومعجمتها على وجهها الفصيح
القديم.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومن
أمثلة ذلك قولهم في تهامة الحرمين: ما له سَبَد ولا لَبَد، أو ما يترك سَبَد ولا لَبَد.
والاستعمال</span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> قديم، وهو مُمعجم، قال الأزهري: «وقولهم: ما له سَبَد ولا لَبَد، أي: ما
له ذو شَعْر ولا ذو وَبَر متلبِّد، ولهذا المَعنى سُمِّيَ المالُ سَبَداً»( )، وفي
هذا دلالة على فصاحة البادية، وأنهم يتوارثون لغتهم العربية القديمة ولا يتأثّرون بغيرها
مع أن هؤلاء على طريق الحج في تهامة.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويقولون
في بادية الحجاز ونجد: فلان يحضرم، إذا كان يدمدم بكلام غير مفهوم من الغضب </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">والغيظ()، وهذه ممعجمة، قال الزبيدي: «حَضْرَمَ الرَّجُلُ حَضْرَمَةً: إذا لَحَنَ وخالَفَ
الإعراب في كلامِهِ»( ).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وفي
لهجاتنا في نجد والحجاز: فلان يَتَحَرْقَص، إذا تحرّك من وجع أو ضجر الانتظار، فهو
يتحفّز<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ويتقبّض، وقال الشيباني في الجيم:
«والتَّحَرْقُص: أن يتقبّض الرجل، أو الدّابّة، من البرد أو الوجع»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويقولون
في تهامة وجازان: الشِّجْنة: القبيلة، ويقولون: من أيّ شِجْنة أنت؟ أي: من أيّ قبيلة؟
وما </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">شِجنتك؟ أي ما قبيلتك( )؟ وفي الصحاح: «يقال: بينى وبينه شِجْنةُ رَحِمٍ وشُجْنَةُ
رحمٍ، أي قرابةٌ مشتبكةٌ. وفي الحديث: "الرَحِمُ شِجْنَةٌ من الله"؛ أي:
الرحم مشتقَّة من الرحمن، يعني أنَّها قرابةٌ من الله -عزّ وجلّ- مشتبكة كاشتباك العروق»(
).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقولهم
في بادية الحجاز وتهامة الحرمين وعالية نجد: فلان يَعْتِب في مَشْيِه؛ أي: يظلع، يظنها
الظانّ </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">عامية لا أصل لها، ولكن في العين: «والفحل المعقول، أو الظالع إذا مشى على ثلاث
قوائم كأنّه يَقْفِزُ يقال: يَعْتِبُ عَتَباناً»( ).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويقولون
في تهامة الحرمين: غَرَّزَتِ الجرادة، إذا غَرَزَتْ ذيلَها في الأرض لتبيض، وفي الجمهرة:
«وغَرَّزتِ</span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">الجرادةُ، إِذا أدخلتْ ذنبَها فِي الأرض لتبيض»( ).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويقولون
في منطقة حَوالة وما حولها من نواحي الباحة بالسراة: العِيشة باسلة، وهي عربية فصيحة،
وردت في اللسان( ) وغيره. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومما
يجري على ألسنتهم: السِّعِن والشَّكوة لأديمٍ يُتّخذ من جلد السَّخلة، يشبه القربة
الصغيرة، يُجعل</span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وعاءً للبن أو السّمن، وهي شائعة لدى قبائل جزيرة العرب، وذكرتها المعاجم
القديمة بلفظها ومعناها.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويقولون
في السراة: فلان (يُغَوِّث) أي: يصرخ بأعلى صوته كأنه يستغيث. وفي التاج: «غَوَّثَ
الرجلُ، واستغاث: صاح: وا غوثاه»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومن
ذلك الوَعِيْ (ويقفون عليه بالسكون ويحرّكون العين بالكسرة) وهو الصّديد أو القيح الذي
يخرج </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">من الجرح. وهذا بلفظه ومعناه في معاجمنا، ففي التّهذيب عن أبي زيد الأنصاري:
«إذا سالَ القَيْح من الجُرْح قيل: وَعَى الجُرْحُ يَعِي وَعْياً. قال: والوَعيى هُوَ
القَيْح. ومثله المِدَّة»( ).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومن
نوادر لهجاتنا: قولهم: تَخَطْرَيتُهُ وتَخَطْراني وتَخَطراه؛ أي: تجاوزه، وقد يَظُنّ
ظانٌّ أنها عامّيّة، ولكنّها</span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> عريقة مُمعجمة، ففي التاج: «قالوا: تَخَطْرَاك وتَخَطَّاك
بمعنًى واحِد، وكان أبو سَعيدٍ يَرْويه: تَخَطَّاكَ، ولا يَعرف تَخَطْرَاك. وقال غَيره:
تَخَطْرانِي شَرُّ فلانٍ وتَخَطَّانِي: جَازَنِي»( ).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وفي
احتفاظ لهجاتنا بالغريب والنادر وغير الشائع ونحوه دلالةٌ واضحة على فصاحتها في منابع
العربية </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">القديمة، واتصالها الوثيق بأصولها الأولى، ومقاومتها لتعاقب الأزمان، وأنها
حفظت لنا مخزونَ الألفاظ والدلالة، وأن الفساد أصاب النحو وبعض التصريف، وبقيت الألفاظ
على المستوى المعجمي صالحة قريبة المأخذ. وحين نجد شيئا من هذا على المستوى المعجم
والدلالة ولا نراه في المعاجم القديمة فليس لنا أن نردّه ونسِمُه بوسم العامّيّة، بل
على الباحث أن يتمهّل وينظر في القرائن والمرجّحات، فقد يكون فصيحاً فائتاً.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولم
تبتعد لهجات القبائل البدوية في ديارها في جزيرة العرب عن أصولها الفصيحة وهي حجة في </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">المستوى المعجمي للألفاظ والدلالة وبخاصة حين يتسع الأطلس الجغرافي للفظ، ولست أول
من فصّحها فقد رأيت اللغوي المصري الدكتور محمد عيد يرى شيئا من هذا، حين يقول: «لا
ينسب إلى لهجات العصر الجاهلي من التفضيل والتمييز</span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ما تحرم منه اللهجات التي تنطق الآن بين قبائل الجزيرة
العربية التي تقطن الأماكن التي وجدت فيها اللهجات العربية القديمة»( ).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt; text-indent: 36pt;">تركت الإحالات هنا وهي في الكتاب (فوائت المعاجم). </span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-15962710494624439152018-11-18T23:38:00.000+03:002019-03-18T18:44:19.089+03:00أنواع الفوائت الظنية وشروطها:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>أنواع
الفوائت الظنية وشروطها</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt;">تعريف الفوائت الظنية:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 18pt;"> هي ألفاظ أو دلالات خَلَتْ
منها المعاجم، ولم ترد في مصدر قديم يعتدّ به، مع وجودها في بعض لهجات المنبع وما يرفدُها،
وتحققت فيها معايير ترجّح فواتها مع احتمالها التوليد الصحيح.</span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>الفوائت الظنية ثلاثة انواع:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>جذورٌ وهذا قليل، ولكنه ليس نادرا، مثل بقص وجغم
ودسمر وعذرب وغوش، وكلها مهملات، ووجدنا لها مادة في لهجاتنا وتحققت في فيها شروط الفوائت.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ألفاظٌ أو مشتقاتٌ في جذر مستعمل، وهذا كثير، وهو
يشمل المشتقات (الأوزان) السماعية، أما القياسية فليست من هذا؛ لأنهم قد يتركون القياسيات
تخفيفا، للعلم بها. وأمثلته في نماذج الفوائت الظنية في القسم الثاني.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>دلالةٌ للفظٍ مستعمل، وهذا كثير أيضا. وأمثلته
في نماذج الفوائت الظنية التي سيأتي ذكرها في القسم الثاني.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ضوابطها
أو شروطها اللازمة ومؤشراتها المرجّحة:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وضعتُ
للفوائت الظنّيّة ضوابطَ أو معاييرَ أو شروطاً إذا تحققت فيها بلغ اللفظ درجة الفائت
الظنّيّ، والشروط أو المعايير أو الضوابط نوعان: شروط أو ضوابط لا بد من تحققها فيها
وهي ثلاثة ، ومعايير فرعية أو مؤشرات مساعدة مُرجّحة، ليست لازمة، ولكن حين نجد بعضها
مع الشروط الثلاثة اللازمة فإنها ترفع من صِدقيّتها وموثوقيتها إلى درجة عالية تقربها
من الفوائت القطعية. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> والفرق
بين النوعين أن تحقّق الشروط أو الضوابط اللازمة الرئيسة الثلاثة لازم، وإن تخلّف أحدها
بطل القول بالفوات الظني، أما المؤشرات المرجّحة فلا يلزم تحققها نظرا لندرة تحققها
بسبب طبيعتها، ولا يكون تخلّفها مُخلاً أو مانعاً من حكم الفوات الظني، إلا أن في تحققها
أو بتحقق بعضها مزيد تأكيد وتأييد وترجيح للحكم بالفوات، دون أن يغني ذلك شيئاً إنْ
تخلّف شرط من الشروط الرئيسة، وفيما يأتي تفصيل ذلك:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>أ:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الضوابط أو الشروط اللازمة لمعرفة الفوائت الظنية:
وهي ثلاثة:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>الشرط
الأول: تحقق المعيار اللفظي:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وأعني
به بناءَ الكلمة في أصواتها وصرفها، فيجب أن توافق ما جاء في كلام العرب زمنَ الفصاحة،
أصواتاً وصرفاً، والباحثُ اللغويُّ يدركُ السبكَ العربيَّ الفصيح، ويدركُ أيضا ما يلحقُ
باللهجات من تغييراتٍ عامّيّةٍ تؤثّر على تصريف كلامهم في كثيرٍ من ألفاظهم الفصيحة،
وفي وسعه أن بردِّها إلى أصلها البنائيّ بيسرٍ أو بلطف الصنعة، وكان علماؤنا يأنسون
بالمشابهة، وربما قبلوا لفظا أو ردّوه لهذا، وهذا ابن فارس يرد لفظا، ويقول في العلّة:
لأنّه لا يُشبه كلام العرب( )، وقال في موضع آخر: وهذا لا يُشبِهُ كلامَ العَرَب(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فمن
ذلك كلمة: (الخَشِير بمعنى الشريك) و(ارتبش) على وزن افتعل بمعنى اضطرب، فإنّ حروفَهما
تشير إلى أنهما من حاقِّ كلام العرب، فهي عربية الصوت والبنية. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وكذلك
(عَرَشَ العظم) إذا أخذ العظم بيديه ونهس بقايا اللحم عليه بأسنانه، وكذلك اعترشه،
وعرمشه، وهذا الأخير مفكوك من عرّش، بقلب ثاني المثلين راء، وللفكّ نظائر في كلام العرب.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومنه
قولُهم: الجُغّمة مقلوب الغُمجة، وقولهم: ادْمَحْ الزَّلّة، وادْمَحْ زَلِّتي، وفلان
يدمحُ الزلة؛ أي: يغضي عن الخطأ في حقّه. وفي المعاجم دَمَّحَ الرجلُ رأسَه طأطا وانحنى..
والصلةُ بين المعنى اللهجيِّ هذا والمعنى الأصليِّ واضحة؛ لأنّ من يَدمَحُ الزّلّةَ
ويُسامحُ عليها كمن يَحني ظهرَه ويُرخي رأسَه، تساهلا وإغضاءً عن زَلّة صاحبه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وأما
قولهم في بعض القبائل البدوية بالحجاز وتهامة الحرمين ومنها قبيلتي عوف من حرب: وَضْنَك
يُوَضْنِك وَضْنَكةً؛ إذا دمدم بكلام غير مفهوم متضجّرا، مثل حَنْتَم يُحَنْتم حنتمة
وحَضْرَمَ يُحضرم حضرمة، فهي مما لم يتحقّق فيه المعيار اللفظي؛ لمخالفته لقياس ائتلاف
الحروف في بناء الكلمة العربية، فوَضْنَك وَضنكة يخالف قياسهم؛ لأن حرف العلة لا يكون
أصلا في رباعي إلا في باب وسوس، فإن جعلت الواو أصلا خالفت قاعدة صرفية وإن جعلتها
زائدة أدى ذلك إلى وزن غير مألوف وهو (وفعل) وإن جعلت النون زائدة أدى ذلك إلى جذر
مهمل وهو (وضك) وأبعدها أيضا عن أصل اشتقاقها الذي يدل عليه المعنى وهو ضنك، والصحيح
أن وَضْنَك مقلوبة من ضَنْوَك يُضنوِك فتكون الواو زائدة كواو هَرْوَلَ، ويسلم اللفظ
من مخالفة ائتلاف الحروف، وضَنْوَك يُضَنْوِك هذا مفكوك من ضَنَّكَ يُضَنِّك؛ أي: من
الضّنك، (ضنَّك > ضنوك)؛ لأن المُغضَب الذي يُدمدم بكلام غير مفهوم يشبه المضنوك
المشحون بالغضب. ولهذا يمكن أن نقول: إن وَضْنَك ليست من الفوائت الظنية؛ لأن المعيار
الأول غير متحقق فيها فهي متفرّعة بالقلب المكاني من ضَنْوَك يُضَنْوِك، والقلب مقصور
على السماع، ولا يظهر أن هذا القلب قديم فيها، فهي إلى اللحن الصرفي أقرب.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>الشرط
الثاني: تحقق المعيار الدلالي: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وهو
أن تكونَ الدلالةُ مناسبةً لحياةِ العربِ في أزمانِ الفصاحة، أي مما هو مألوفٌ في حياتِهم،
فإن كانتِ الدلالةُ لشيءٍ حادثٍ في العصورِ المتأخرة مما جدّ في الحياةِ عُرفَ أنها
دلالةٌ محدثة، وأنها ليست من فوائتِ المعاجمِ القديمة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وحينَ
نُنعمُ النظرَ في الأمثلةِ السابقةِ (الجُغْمة والخشير وارتبش وعَرَشَ العظم وعرمشه
ويدمحُ الزلة) نجدُ أن الدلالةَ متوافقةٌ مع ما يألفُه العربُ في حياتِهم اليومية،
وليستْ دلالةً حادثةً بعدَ أزمانِ الفصاحة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>الشرط
الثالث: تحقق المعيار الجغرافي أو الأطلس الجغرافي: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وأعني
به بيئةَ اللهجة، فحينَ تكون اللهجة واسعةَ الانتشار معروفةً في عددٍ من القبائل المتفرقة
فإنّ ذلك يرجّح فصاحتها مع الأخذ بالمقياسين السابقين، فكلماتٌ مثل (الخشير والجغمة
وعرش العظم وعرمشه ويدمح الزلة) منتشرةٌ بينَ قبائل الجزيرة وبيئاتها، وكذلك الفعل
(ارتبش) واسع الانتشار في قبائل حجازية ونجدية وفي منطقة عسير وفي الشمال نواحي حائل
وتبوك والجوف. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فإن
كانتِ الكلمة محصورةً في قبيلةٍ أو بيئةٍ واحدةٍ فحسب دعا ذلك إلى التريّث قبلَ الحكم
بأنها من فوائت المعاجم، مع أنّ علماءنا القدما أثبتوا في معاجمهم ما يُسمعُ من قبيلةٍ
واحدة أو من شاعر واحد، لكننا في مقامِ احتراز، فيحسنُ التشدّدُ هنا؛ لأنّ أمرَ الفوائتِ
ظنيّ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فكلماتٌ
مثل: الجُغمة، والخَشير، وارْتَبَشَ فهو مرتَبِش، ويدمَحُ الزّلّة، والرَّهْوة: المكانُ
المرتفع، والشَّرْوَى وشرواك؛ أي: مثيلُك، وأزْرَيتُ بمعنى عجَزْتُ عن فعلِ شيء، والهَمْطُ
وهو الهذرُ في الكلام، وانحاشَ بمعنى هربَ وولّى، وارجَهَنّ بمعنى جلسَ وسكن، والعَزْقُ
بمعنى التضييق، ومُتَحَشِّد؛ أي: مُستحٍ؛ هي مما ينتشر بينَ قبائل الجزيرة وبيئاتها.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وأنبّهُ
على أمر مهم وهو أن القطعَ أو الجزمَ بالفوات أمرٌ لا سبيلَ إليه مالم نجدْ شاهداً
قديما، ولكنَّ هذه المقاييسَ الثلاثةَ هي للتقريب، أو لنقلْ للترجيحِ، فحينَ نقول إن
هذه الكلمةَ من الفوائتِ الظنية، يعني هذا القولُ غلبةَ الظنّ بأنها من الفوائت؛ لتعذّر
القطعِ بالفائت بغيرِ شاهد. واجتماع هذه المعايير الثلاثة في كلمة أو دلالةٍ لهجيةٍ
حريّ بأن يقربَها من درجة اليقين حين يُحكمُ بأنها من الفوائت، دونَ الجزمِ المطلقِ
بذلك؛ لتعذّر القطع بالفائت دونَ شاهدٍ أو نصٍّ قديم، بخلافِ الفوائتِ القطعية، فهي
مرصودةٌ في مصدرٍ قديمٍ موثوق، كدواوينِ الشعرِ وكتبِ الأدبِ واللغة والنوادر ومصادر
التراثِ الموثوقِ بها.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ب:
المؤشرات المساعدة المرجّحة غير اللازمة، وهي أربعة: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ذكرت
فيما سبق ثلاثة ضوابط أو شروط للحكم على كلمة أو دلالة في لهجاتنا بأنها من فوائت المعجم..
وهنا أذكر مؤشرات مساعدة أو مرجّحة ومقوّية لما سبق، ولكن لا يلزم تحققها في كل فائت
ظني لما أسلفت، وهي:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>اللهجات المهاجرة</b>، وأعني بهذا أن تؤكد لهجة مهاجرة
لفظة أو دلالة فتوافق الفروع الأصول؛ أي: توافق ما في أصولها في جزيرة العرب، وهذا
يحدث في لغات القبائل المهاجرة من المشرق إلى المغرب العربي إبّان الهجرات الأولى في
زمن الفتوحات وما أعقبه من موجات للهجرة والاستقرار<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>هناك،<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فيدل
اتفاق الفرع والأصل على قدم الكلمة أو الدلالة، لأنها وصلت إلى لغات المغاربة منذ زمن
مبكر مع القبائل التي هاجرت إلى تلك الديار أيام الفتوحات الإسلامية أو في الهجرات
المتعاقبة لقبائل من سُليم وهُذيل وتميم استوطنت الشَّمال الإفريقي، ومن آخرها تغريبة
بني هلال، فالتوافق يشير إلى قدم اللفظ أو المعنى، وأنه يرجع إلى أيام الفصاحة؛ لأن
استعماله - في الغالب - كان شائعا قبل نزوح تلك القبائل إلى المغرب العربي بزمن يكفي
لشيوعه وتمسكّ المهاجرين والباقين في ديارهم به، ليبقى راسخا حيًّا في البيئتين على
الرغم من تباعدهما وشبه انقطاع الصلة بينهما مما يجعلنا نطمئن كثيرا إلى قدم اللفظ
عند تحقق هذا المعيار الرابع إلى جنب المعايير الثلاثة الرئيسة اللازمة، ومثال ذلك
كلمة الجُغمة بمعنى الجرعة من الماء، وجذرها مهمل، وهي منتشرة في لهجاتنا في الحجاز
ونجد وعسير واليمن وعمان، وقد تحققت فيها الشروط الثلاثة ويضاف إليها هذا المعيار المُرجح
أعني اللهجات المهاجرة، إذ وجدناها مستعملة في شرق الجزائر وجنوب تونس وفي ليبيا، وهذا
يجعلنا أكثر طمأنينة في الحكم عليها بالفوات. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>نظرية الاشتقاق الأكبر عند ابن جني</b>، وهي تعين في الحكم بالفوات الظني، وكان ابن جنّي
وشيخه أبو عليّ الفارسي يستعينان بالاشتقاق الأكبر (التقليبات) ويخلدان إليه, مع إعواز
الاشتقاق الأصغر( ) في مواضع منها بحثه الجريء عن المعنى العام للتقليبات الستة للثلاثي،
وكذلك محاولة الكشف بالتقليب عن حقيقة ما خفي من حروف العلة، كاستدلاله بأن لام الشظا
واو لا ياء، فقال : «لام (الشظا) مُشكلة، ولا دلالةَ في شَظِيَ يَشْظى، إلَّا أنَّهم
قد قالوا فيما يُساوِقه: الشُواظ والوَشِيظة، ولم أرَ هنا الياء، وهذا مذهبٌ كان أبو
عليٍّ يأخذ به. ومعنى الوشيظ والشظا متقاربان لأنَّ الوشيظة: قُطَيعة عظم لاصقةٌ بالعظم
الصميم، وهذا نحو الشظا والشَّظِيَّة؛ فهذا يقوي الواو»( )، فجعل ابنُ جني الوَشيظةَ
والشُّواظَ دليلاً على لام (الشظا) بالاشتقاق الأكبر، فحكم بواويتها، ولنا أيضا أن
نستدلّ بهذا الاشتقاق الأكبر على صحّة السماع في لهجاتنا، وهذا موضع دقيق ونفيس جدا.
وهو «أن تأخذ أصلًا من الأصول الثلاثي، فتعقد عليه وعلى تقاليبه، الستة معنًى واحدًا,
تجتمع التراكيب الستة وما يتصرف من كل واحد منها عليه, وإن تباعد شيء من ذلك عنه رُدَّ
بلطف الصنعة والتأويل إليه, كما يفعل الاشتقاقيون ذلك في التركيب الواحد... فمن ذلك
تقليب "ج ب ر<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فهي –أين<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وقعت- للقوة والشدة، ... ومن ذلك تراكيب "ق
س و " "ق وس " "وق س " "وس ق " "س وق
"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وأهمل " س ق و " , وجميع
ذلك إلى القوة والاجتماع... ومن ذلك تقليب "س م ل " "س ل م "
"م س ل " "م ل س " "ل م س " "ل س م " والمعنى
الجامع لها المشتمل عليها الإصحاب والملاينة»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وكان
ابن جني يدرك ما في تطبيق الاشتقاق الأكبر على كثير </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">من
الجذور من صعوبة بالغة، ويرى عدم اطّراده، قال: «واعلم أنّا لا ندعي أن هذا مستمر في
جميع اللغة, كما لا ندعي للاشتقاق الأصغر </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">أنه
في جميع اللغة. بل إذا كان ذلك الذي هو في القسمة سدس هذا أو خمسه متعذرًا صعبًا, كان
تطبيق هذا وإحاطته أصعب مذهبًا وأعز ملتمسًا»( ).</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومع
تلك الصعوبة يمكن الأُنسُ بهذا الاشتقاق الذي ذكره ابن جنّي متى أمكن الوصول إليه وحين
نجد معاني الجذور (التقليبات) دائرةً حول معنى واحد أو متقارب كلها أو المستعمل منها
فإن هذا يفيد بأن ما يتفق مع هذا المعنى مما نجده في لهجاتنا ولا نجده في المعاجم ومما
تحققت فيه الشروط الثلاثة هو من الفوائت الظنية، التي عززتها نظرية الاشتقاق الأكبر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومن
ذلك قولهم: عَمَكَ الرّجلُ الشيءَ يَعمُكُه عَمكا إذا عَرَكَه، وعَمَكَ أنفَه إذا حَرَّكه
مع ضغطٍ عليه، وتَعَمَّك البعيرُ بغيرِه إذا عَرَكَ أنفَه بغيره، ومن مجاز عمك: تَعَمَّكَ
الرجل برفاقه مازحهم وعاضلهم، وتعمّكتِ المرأةُ بزوجها مازحَتْه ولاطفَتْه وعَرَضَت
له. و(عمك) في هذا الاستعمال اللهجي جذرٌ مهل، وهو مقلوبُ (عكم) المعجمي، ويؤيد صحّته
تأمل المعنى في بعض تقليبات هذا الجذر: (عكم): فمنها يقال عكمت الناقة؛ أي: جمعت شحماً
على شحم. و(مكع): مهمل و(كعم): يقال: كعم الرجل المرأةَ إذا قبّلها بطريقة تجمُّعِ
الفمِ بعضه على بعض و(كمع): الكميع الضجيع وكامع المرأة إذا ضمّها إليه، وكأنّه يجمعُ
جسدَها بعضَه على بعض، و(عكم) يقال: عكم المتاعَ جمعَ بعضَه على بعض، ويُلحظ أنّ الدلالة
العامّة هي الجمع والتقبّض، فيستأنس بهذا في دلالة (عمك) اللهجية محلّ البحث، وهو جذر
مهل في المعاجم، فقولهم: عَمَكَ أنفّه حرّكه وجمع بعضه على بعض يدلُّ على صحّة هذا
الاستعمال؛ لأنّ فيه معنى التجمّع الذي نراه في تقليبات هذا الجذر على طريقة الاشتقاق
الأكبر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>الاستئناس بنظرية ثنائية الألفاظ أو الجذور</b>، وهي النظرية القائلة بأن اللغة مرّت في مرحلة من
مراحل تطورها بالثنائية، أي كانت ثنائية الجذور، ثم تطورت إلى الثلاثية والرباعية والخماسية،
مثل الأصل (غَمْ) تدور دلالته الأصلية حول الستر والتغطية بالماء، وسيل الماء وجرعه،
فيفكّ تضعيف الثلاثي المضعف منه (غمَّ) فتنشأ جذور ثلاثية تحمل المعنى الأصلي مع تنويع
طفيف في الدلالة يخصص كل أصل منها ويميزه عن غيره، وهي: غمْ - غمّ > غمت > غمج
> غمد > غمر > غمز > غمس > غمص (غمصت العين: سال غمصها) غمض > غمل
> غمن > غمو > غمي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فإن وجد فعل في لهجاتنا ولم تذكره المعاجم واتّسَقَ
الفعل مع باقي المفكوكات من الثنائي فإن ذلك يرجّح صحته ويؤيده، وقد نجد المفكوكات
المتطوّرة من الثنائي (الثلاثي المضعف) ولا نجده في لهجاتنا، فتصححه المفكوكات منه،
وأضرب لهذا النوع الأخير مثالاً واحدا، وهو أن الفعل (لقّ) يلقّ في لهجاتنا يعني لمع
وأضاء، أو أن الشيء شديد البياض والنظافة، وهذا المعنى لم يُذكر في معاجمنا، ولكنهم
ذكروا المعنى في مفكوكه (لهق) قال صاحب التاج: «ولَهِقَ الشيءُ كفرِح لَهَقاً. ولهَقَ
مثل مَنَع لهْقاً، فَهُوَ لهِقٌ: ابيضَّ شَديداً»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ونرى
ذلك في الثلاثي المتطور من الجذر الثنائي (لق) بتصديره بهمزة (ألق) ومعناه البياض واللمعان،
ومنه تألّق البرق. فهذان الفرعان المعجميان (ألق) و(لهق) بمعنى البياض الشديد يصحّحان
ما في لهجاتنا في قولهم: لقّ يلقّ؛ أي: لمع وأشتدّ بياضه. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومن
هذا قولهم: شلّ الحَجَرَ يشلُّهُ؛ بمعنى رفعه، وهي مسموعة في عدد من لهجات القبائل
في عسير وما حولها وحضرموت، وليست في المعاجم، ولكن فيها الثلاثي الأجوف المفكوك من
شلّ أعني: شال، ففي الصحاح( ): شُلْتُ بالجرّة أشول بها شولا: رفعتها، وشالت الناقة
بذنبها تشوله وأشالته، أي: رفعته، قال النّمر بن تولب يصف فرسا( ):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>جمُـومُ
الشَّدِّ شائلةُ الذُّنابَى<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>تخالُ بياضَ
غُرّتِها سِراجا</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وفي
اللسان: «ورَبَع الحَجَرَ يَرْبَعُه رَبْعاً وارتبعه: شالَه ورفعه»( ). </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">والظاهر
أن شلّ بمعنى شال من الفوائت الظنية، وقد تحققت فيها الشروط الثلاثة، وتؤيدها الثنائية
فشال مفكوك من شلّ. ومثل هذا كثير لا يكاد يحصى.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4-<b>
الاستئناس باللغات العروبية (اللغات السامية)</b> لتأصيل لفظ لهجي غير مُمعجم مما يكون
لفظه ومعناه أو بعضه في لغة من اللغات السامية، مع توفّر شروط الفوائت الظنية الرئيسة
الثلاثة، فالعروبيّات (الساميات) متقاربة لفرّعها من أصل واحد قديم، وثمة ألفاظ فاتت
المعاجم ولم تزل حيّة في موروثنا اللهجي في جزيرة العرب، وهي من بقايا مشترك عروبيّ
قديم، وقد يموت اللفظ في بعض العروبيّات ويبقى حيّا في بعضها. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وما
أحسنَ قولَ العبودي: «رُبّ لفظٍ مات في كل اللغات الساميّة الحيّة المعروفة، ولكنه
بقي في لغة العامّة في بلادنا يدلّ على عروبته ومن ثَمّ ساميّته»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وهناك
أوزان مشتركة بين الساميات، مثل فاعول، فيرى الأب مرمرجي الدومنكي( ) أن وزن (فاعول)
ساميّ الوضع والاستعمال؛ لوروده في أغلب الألسن السامية ولهجاتها، وهو كثير الورود
في السريانية للدلالة على اسم الفاعل والصفة والمبالغة، كما يطلق أحياناً على اسم العين،
لكّنه وارد أيضا في العربية. وإن كان ذلك أقلّ مما في السريانية للتعبير عن الاسمية
واسم الفاعل واسم الآلة والوعاء .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وانتهى
عبد الله الجبوري -بعد دراسة نصوص متفرّقة- إلى أن صيغة فاعول صيغة عربية صحيحة وإنْ
ورد منها شيء من الأصل السرياني فهو إرث لغوي قديم ساميّ( ) .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ويقول
الجبوري: «إن الآرامية (ومنها السريانية) هي الصورة المتقدّمة للعربية القديمة المتطوّرة،
والعبرانية هي فرع من الآرامية.. لأجل هذا تتبعت ألفاظا وردت في لهجتي: الموصل ولبنان
لأنهما حفظا إرثا من الأصول الآرامية»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومما
في لهجاتنا في قبائل الحجاز ونجد وعسير فعل تَشَنْقَلَ فهو مُتَشَنْقِل، أي سقط على
رأسه أو ظهره مع ارتفاع قدميه، وشَنْقَلَ رجله رفعها على جانب، وهذا المعنى لم يرد
في معاجمنا، ويحتمل هذا الفعل أن يكون رباعيا من شنقل أو ثلاثيا من شقل والرباعي شبه
مهمل، والثلاثي فقير جدا في معجمنا حتى قال ابن فارس: (شقل) الشين والقاف واللام ليس
بشيء، وقد حُكي فيه ما لا يعرّج عليه( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وعند
تحليل الفعل شنقل وتشنقل على ضوء العروبيات (الساميّات) يظهر لنا وجهان في تأصيله؛
أحدهما: أن يكون من (شقل) فتكون النون زائدة، والآخر: أن يكون من (شنق) فتكون </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">اللام
زائدة، وبعض العروبيّات ترجح اشتقاقه من (شقل)، ففي الإثيوبية سقل (س=ث في العربية):
عَلِقَ، وجذر العبرية (شقل) يدل على الوزن، وفي السريانية (شقل) يعني: وزن، ورفع، وفي
الأكادية (شقالو): وزن ورفع، وهذه الموازنات مع تحقق الشروط الثلاثة ترجع أنّ (شنقل)
رجلَه -بمعنى رفعها مما هو مسموع في بعض لهجاتنا- من الفوائت الظنية.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومما
يُؤنس فيه بالموازنات العروبية (الساميّة) الفعل (ذَلَفَ يذلف) فليس في جذر (ذلف) في
معاجمنا القديمة<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>شيء من معنى ذلف اللهجية التي
بمعنى غَرَبَ عن الوجه وتنحّى شبه مطرود أو مغضوب عليه، حين يقال في لحظات الامتعاض
مع الازدراء: اذْلِفْ عن وجهي، أي أغرب عن وجهي. وهذا المعنى عام في أغلب لهجات الحجاز<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في قبائل كهذيل وسليم وحرب وجهينة ومطير وعتيبة
وعدوان وفي عموم قبائل نجد، ويقولونها في قبائل الحجر من عسير يقولون على سبيل المثال:
فلان ذلف أي ارتحل لكن لا يعلم إلى أين. و تستخدم للطرد بنفس المعنى اذْلف، وبالمعنى
نفسه في منطقة الظاهرة في عُمان.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقد
تحققت في هذه الكلمة شروط الفوائت الظنية وزاد عليها من المؤشرات المساعدة المرجّحة
أنها موجودة في بعض اللغات السامية، وقد جرى بيني وبين الدكتور سالم الخماش حوار علمي
عنها في موقع التواصل (تويتر)، وأيّد أن تكون من الفوائت الظنية وأن لها جذورا في بعض
الساميّات تدعمها، وأفادني برأيه محررا في رسالة إلكترونية، ونصّها: «ذلف يبدو أنها
واحدة من المفردات الموجودة في اللهجات الحديثة، وفي بعض اللغات السامية... وبالبحث
في مراجع الساميات وجدنا مشتقات تقوي إلى حد ما المعاني الموجودة في اللهجات العربية
الحديثة:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجات
اللغة العربية الجنوبية:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجة
الدثينة (جنوب اليمن) ذَلَف "قفز"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرسوسية:
ذِلوف </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ḏ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">el</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ō</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">f</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> "قفز"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجبالية:
ذُلُف </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ḏ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">olof</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> "قفز"( )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكر
</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Leslau</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">في قاموس الجعزية </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">zalaf</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">التي تعني "نقط، سال" (صفحة 637)، وقد
قابلها بالجذر السامية التالية:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العبرية
القديمة" زالـﭗ </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">z</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ā</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lap</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> "سال" <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السريانية
</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">zelap</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">زِلَـﭗ "سال، نقط"<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولكنه
قابله أيضا بالجذر العربي دلف بالدال غير المعجمة»( )<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وختم
بقوله: «وفي نظري أنه كان هناك جذر سامي هو ذ ل ف </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ḏ</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lf</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">وكان معناه يدور حول معاني "سال، نقط، سرَب"
هذا الجذر تعرض لتغيير في اللفظ والدلالة. فات اللغويين العرب المعنى الأصلي ولم يذكروا
منه إلا "استواء قصبة الأنف" الذي أرى أنه من معنى "سلاسة سطح الأنف،
وهو معنى قريب للسيلان. ولكن هذا المعنى بقي مائلا في لهجات العربية الشمالية الحديثة
في شكل مجازي "ذهب، غاب، اختفى" وفي لهجات العربية الجنوبية الحديثة في معنى
"قفز"، وفي معاني زلف في الإثيوبية الجعزية زلف "نقط، سال"، وكذلك
في العبرية والسريانية التي تغير فيهما الذال إلى زاي.كذلك لا نستبعد أن زلف ودلف في
العربية هي امتداد للجذر السامي ذلف»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومن
ذلك أيضا الفعل الرباعي (تقرفط) الثوبُ أو القماش أو الجلد فهو متقرفط في لهجات شريحة
واسعة في الجزيرة وعدد من القبائل في الحجاز ونجد وعسير وعمان أي تجعد<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وانكمش، وتوسّعوا فيها فقالوا : تقرفط الرجل إذا
انكمش على نفسه وتكوّر متجمعا ضامّا يديه ولافّا جسده في لحاف لاتقاء البرد، وسمع فيها
القلب المكاني: متقرفط ومتقفرط، فهذا الفعل الرباعي ليس في المعاجم وقد تحققت فيه الشروط
الثلاثة، وزيادة على ذلك نجد أن الاستئناس ببعض الساميات قد يفيدنا، ويدلنا على قدم
هذا الفعل، ومجيئة بصور مقاربة في بعض الساميات، ففي السريانية جذر مشابه لجذر تقرفط
في المعنى وقريب منه وهو "قرفد" تقبض، وفي الآرامية: قاپـَد : انقبض، التفّ
وربما كان التغيير الصوتي من ق پ د إلى ق ف ط أو العكس( ).</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">تركت المراجح هنا وهي في الكتاب (فوائت المعاجم).</span></span></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-29815403651932890892018-10-07T15:02:00.001+03:002018-10-07T15:02:06.890+03:00ظاهرة القفقفة وحروفها الثلاثة: القيف والجيف والكيف:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">ظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَفْقَفَة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حروفها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وطريقة رسمها<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>(القَيْف والجَيْف والكَيْف)</b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عرفت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منذ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العصر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجاهلي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجيًّا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فريدًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متحوّرًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينشأ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متوسّطّا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مخارج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يصفونه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مجهور،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حيث</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الانتشار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عالمي،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معروف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللغات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القديمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالفارسية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والحديثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كاللغات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأوربية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولكنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجيٌّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مرذول،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عرفه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">علماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منذ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القرن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثاني،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجعلوه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المستقبحة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يحصون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تفريعات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحروف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوتية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويصلون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اثنين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأربعين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرفًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ووصفه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سيبويه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قتيبة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأبو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سعيد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فارس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأبو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حيّان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خلدون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وغيرهم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويسميه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سيبويه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرفًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عرفهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويمتاز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غيره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرجع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحرف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بحسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكلمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وليس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحاديا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كغيره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللهجيه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفرعية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغوية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خاصّة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نسميها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَفْقَفَة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتظهر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصور</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الآتية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصورة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأولى</span></u><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقريب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متوسطا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مخارج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذكره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والسيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وغيرهما،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويُكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدامى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يسمونه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الگاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
«</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بنو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تميم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنّهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُلحقون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باللهاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتَغْلُظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جدًّا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للقَوْم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَوْم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بَين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغَة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معروفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بني</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تَمِيم؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الشّاعر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَكُول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكِدْرِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَوْمِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَدْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نَضِجَتْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَكُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لبابِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدَّار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مَكْفُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">1</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتبوها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخالصة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يملكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رمزًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مناسبًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولعلهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتبوها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غفل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">النسّاخ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذلك،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقارب،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورأينا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يتكلّم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بمثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لفظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">2</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مجمعنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قبل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سنوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قرارين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العاشر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والحادي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عشر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحدهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لاسمه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والآخر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لرسمه،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأسميناه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورسمناه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باثنتين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وشاع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بفضل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بمساعدة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرسم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصورة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثانية</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقريب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متوسّطًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثاله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">گمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَگل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">چَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَجُل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويسمونها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمنية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاهرية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورسموه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أيضا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سائرةٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اضطروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قالوا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَمَل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السبعة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تتمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الاثنين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والأربعين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرفًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأوّلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أخبَرَنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَمَل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثيرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عوامّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بغداد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَكُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَجُل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المعرفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معيبة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مرذولة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كذلك،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جميعا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحدهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأصل</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">4</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الآخر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يقلبون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">5</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصورة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثالثة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقريب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويفسّره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدكتور</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">محمد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأنطاكي</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">6</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ننطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرسم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأجنبي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">g</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المسموع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عوامّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللاذقيّة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والشّام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قولهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">agbar</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>). </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثّل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ركنُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الإستراباذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العرب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">موضع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نحو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ووكد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">7</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">«</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عكس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يتحقّق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">»</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">8</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثالث</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والثاني،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قيفًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وسماعه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فمثلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مفرد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدور،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرَّݠُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرَچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجمعه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رجال،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠْبَر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التكبير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">= </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تنطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نسميه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولكن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تختلف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فكل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يعود</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مختلف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والعِلّة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحالة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفريدة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحروف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متقاربة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المخرج،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فوقع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتارة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تُقرّب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القافُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">= </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتارة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تُقرّب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَگل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وگمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> = </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وچَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتارة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تُقرّب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أكبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> = </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠْبَر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وينتج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يماثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">g</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">good</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الإنݠليزية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ما</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الحاجة</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إلى</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">تحرير</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">المصطلح</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">والرسم؟</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أدرك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يحتاج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رسم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خاصّ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فاختاروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">له</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فوق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عصاها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المائلة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عصًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">موازية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالفتحة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">گـ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينظروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أقافٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جيمٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينظروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تفرّد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غيره،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فلم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينجح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرمز،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سببًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">انحرافات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأخطاء؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يوهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القارئ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فينطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كافًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وعند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">النظر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمنية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاهرية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التميمية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يظهر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تداخلهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والتباسهما؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السمع،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مختلفان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأولى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والثانية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فحين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قليلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجليلا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وحين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ترسمها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الگليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تلتبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكليل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رسمتها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالقيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غلب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">على</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ظنك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تعلم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">على</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليقين،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بقرينة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غيره؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصول،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقارب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الاستعمال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللهجي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتقارب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مناطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الانتشار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتداخلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحيانًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرُݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رجّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرُجّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورقّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرُقّه،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجبر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رݠع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرݠع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رجع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرجع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورقع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرقع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَعْݠَبَه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تدري</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَعْقَبَه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَعْجَبَه؟</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سمعت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قرأت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المَݠَرّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المجرّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقرّ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠُرْعة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُدرى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجُرْعة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القُرْعة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مݠروح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُدرى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مجروح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مقروح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القرح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثير،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أيضا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يخفى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تداخل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتبرز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحاجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دقيق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قراة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نصوص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العلماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المتقدمين،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كنص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المشار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إليه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الشاعر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أكُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكِدْر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَوْم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">...) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ونصّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخطابيُّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَبْهة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رديئة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبْهة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلامهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّكُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يريدون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّجُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جفاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأعراب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">9</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأمثاله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يوهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُبدلون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كافًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خالصة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وسبب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الوهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرسم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وانتفاء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المناسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للحرف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لدى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللغويين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العرب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مناسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكلٍّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أوفى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأكمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نقترح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مصلحاتٍ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولكلٍّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رمزه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخاصّ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فرغنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سابقًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورمزه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المنقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باثنتين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أسفل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠدر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَدْر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورمزه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بثلاث</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الچَدْر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَدْر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وسماه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كمال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بشر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجاف</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">10</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويرمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">له</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أقرب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">له،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثاله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أكبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فهذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رموز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">على</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وزن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يشير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفصيح،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متاحة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ضمن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرموز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الإضافية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأجهزة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحاسوبية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والمصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يزيل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للسامع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يزيل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للقارئ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإليكم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بعد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتابته</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يناسبه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرموز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">«</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سائرةٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فِي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اضطروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قالوا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">چَمَل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">....</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بنو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تميم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنّهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُلحقون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باللهاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتَغْلُظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جدًّا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للقَوْم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠَوْم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغَة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معروفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بني</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تَمِيم؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الشّاعر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠُول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لݠِدْرِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠَوْمِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠَدْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نَضِجَتْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لبابِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدَّار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مَݠْفُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">»<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخطّابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">برمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الچَبْهة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رديئة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبْهة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلامهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الچَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يريدون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّجُل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جفاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأعراب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">».<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتأمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يزول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الألفاظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مثلنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">آنفا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وچليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَݠَع،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورچع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يَرُݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَچّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يَرُچّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إننا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">نريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">تكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصطلحاتنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">دقيقة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">معبّرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ومن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">هنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">جاءت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الحاجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">دقيق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يُعين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الباحثين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اللهجيين؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يفصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القفقفة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وكنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اقترحنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصطلحَ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">للقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">التميمية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">البدوية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وصفها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">دريد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اخترنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">له</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">رسمًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">خاصًّا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">المنقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">باثنتين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">تحت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ونجح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">المصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ورسمه،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">واليوم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">نأمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إكمال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصطلحات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القفقفة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فالقَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">والجَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">والكَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">متماثلة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القفقفة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وكل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يعبّر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بحرفه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اسمه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الأعلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الأجنبية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">g</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الإنݠليزية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يماثلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بالقيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مطلقا؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لأنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">نُطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ثابت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مماثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لنطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لهجاتنا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيحسن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الاصطلاح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بكتابته</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وأمثلته</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">google</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>= </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ݠوݠل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وݠولدتسيهر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">و</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Margoliouth</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>/ </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مرݠليوث،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">و</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">England</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>/ </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إنݠلترا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ونحو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عبدالرزاق الصاعدي<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ملحوظة: فُرغ من هذا المقال بتاريخ 16/ 11/ 1438هـ </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ووردت الفكرة والمصطلحات في تغريدات قبل عدة سنوات</span></span></b></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title="">(</a>2)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref2" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">شرح السيرافي
13/ 13 تحقيق قلعجي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title="">(</a>4)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref4" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">في المطبوع: الأصل.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" dir="RTL">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title="">(</a>5)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref5" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">شرح السيرافي
17/ 10 تحقيق قلعجي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" dir="RTL">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title="">(</a>6)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref6" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المحيط في أصوات
العربية 1/ 44</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" dir="RTL">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title="">(</a>7)</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">شرح شافية ابن
الحاجب 2/ 923</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" dir="RTL">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title="">(</a>8)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref8" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">شرح شافية ابن الحاجب
2/ 922</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn9" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">(9)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">غريب الحديث
للخطابي 2/ 329</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title="">(</a>10)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref10" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اقترح الدكتور
كمال بشر لهذا الصوت مصطلح (الجاف)، وقبله في عام 1959 اقترح محمد فريد أبو حديد حرف
الجاف لما نسميه القيف، ورد ذلك في كلامه عن ميزات اللهجة الليبية فذكر منها: «أن القاف
تنطق عندهم جيما قاهرية وهي حرف الجاف، وشأنهم في ذلك شأن العري في كثير من البلاد
العربية» (اللهجات العربية بحوث ودراسات 517) الطبعة الثانية وهو من بحث عرض<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في الجلسة الثامنة لمؤتمر الدورة الخامسة والعشرين
سنة 1959م بعنوان بعض ملاحظات في اللهجة العربية الليبية وصلتها بالفصحى) ونراها
تسمية غير مناسبة، ولو جعلها للحرف المقفقف من الجيم لكان أوفق، واختيارنا للجيف
من أجل التوازن الصوتي بينه وبين القيف.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-42065712764515088602018-10-07T15:01:00.003+03:002018-10-07T15:01:52.404+03:00ظاهرة القفقفة وحروفها الثلاثة: القيف والجيف والكيف:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">ظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَفْقَفَة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حروفها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">وطريقة رسمها<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>(القَيْف والجَيْف والكَيْف)</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عرفت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منذ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العصر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجاهلي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجيًّا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فريدًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متحوّرًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينشأ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متوسّطّا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مخارج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يصفونه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مجهور،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حيث</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الانتشار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عالمي،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معروف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; 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mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجيٌّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مرذول،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عرفه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">علماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منذ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القرن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثاني،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجعلوه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المستقبحة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يحصون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تفريعات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحروف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوتية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويصلون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اثنين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأربعين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرفًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ووصفه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سيبويه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قتيبة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأبو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سعيد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فارس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأبو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حيّان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خلدون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وغيرهم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويسميه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سيبويه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرفًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عرفهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويمتاز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غيره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرجع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحرف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بحسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكلمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وليس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحاديا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كغيره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللهجيه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفرعية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغوية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خاصّة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نسميها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَفْقَفَة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتظهر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصور</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الآتية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصورة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأولى</span></u><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقريب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متوسطا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مخارج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذكره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والسيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وغيرهما،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويُكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدامى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يسمونه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الگاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
«</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بنو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تميم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنّهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُلحقون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باللهاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتَغْلُظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جدًّا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للقَوْم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَوْم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بَين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغَة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معروفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بني</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تَمِيم؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الشّاعر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَكُول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكِدْرِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَوْمِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَدْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نَضِجَتْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَكُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لبابِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدَّار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مَكْفُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">1</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتبوها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخالصة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يملكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رمزًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مناسبًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولعلهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتبوها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غفل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">النسّاخ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذلك،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقارب،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورأينا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يتكلّم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بمثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لفظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">2</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مجمعنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قبل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سنوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قرارين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العاشر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والحادي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عشر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحدهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لاسمه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والآخر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لرسمه،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأسميناه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورسمناه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باثنتين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وشاع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بفضل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بمساعدة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرسم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصورة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثانية</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقريب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متوسّطًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثاله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">گمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَگل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">چَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَجُل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويسمونها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمنية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاهرية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورسموه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أيضا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سائرةٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اضطروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قالوا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَمَل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">3</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السيرافي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السبعة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تتمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الاثنين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والأربعين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرفًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأوّلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أخبَرَنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَمَل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثيرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عوامّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بغداد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَكُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَجُل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المعرفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معيبة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مرذولة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كذلك،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جميعا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحدهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأصل</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">4</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الآخر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يقلبون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">5</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصورة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثالثة</span></u><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقريب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويفسّره</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدكتور</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">محمد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأنطاكي</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">6</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ننطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرسم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأجنبي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">g</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المسموع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عوامّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللاذقيّة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والشّام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قولهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">agbar</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>). </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثّل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ركنُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الإستراباذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العرب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">موضع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نحو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ووكد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">7</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">«</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عكس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يتحقّق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">»</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">8</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثالث</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والثاني،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قيفًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وسماعه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فمثلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مفرد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدور،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرَّݠُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرَچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجمعه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رجال،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠْبَر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">/</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التكبير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">= </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تنطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نسميه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولكن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تختلف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فكل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يعود</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مختلف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والعِلّة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحالة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفريدة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحروف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متقاربة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المخرج،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فوقع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بينها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتارة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تُقرّب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القافُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">= </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتارة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تُقرّب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَگل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وگمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> = </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وچَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتارة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تُقرّب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أكبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> = </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠْبَر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">)</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وينتج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يماثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">g</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">good</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الإنݠليزية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ما</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الحاجة</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إلى</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">تحرير</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">المصطلح</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">والرسم؟</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أدرك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القدماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يحتاج</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رسم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خاصّ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فاختاروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">له</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فوق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عصاها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المائلة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عصًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">موازية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كالفتحة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">گـ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينظروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أقافٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جيمٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينظروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تفرّد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غيره،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فلم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ينجح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرمز،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سببًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">انحرافات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">صوتية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأخطاء؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يوهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القارئ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بأن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فينطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كافًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وعند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">النظر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمنية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاهرية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التميمية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يظهر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تداخلهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والتباسهما؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شيء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السمع،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مختلفان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأولى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والثانية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلمة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فحين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قليلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجليلا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وحين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ترسمها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الگليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تلتبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكليل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رسمتها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالقيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العربية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غلب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">على</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ظنك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تعلم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أصلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">على</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وجه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليقين،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بقرينة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غيره؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لأنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصول،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقارب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الاستعمال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللهجي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتقارب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مناطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الانتشار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتداخلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أحيانًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تقول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرُݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رجّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرُجّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورقّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرُقّه،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجبر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رݠع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرݠع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحتمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رجع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرجع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورقع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يرقع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَعْݠَبَه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فلا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تدري</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَعْقَبَه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَعْجَبَه؟</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سمعت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قرأت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المَݠَرّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تدر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المجرّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقرّ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠُرْعة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُدرى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجُرْعة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القُرْعة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مݠروح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُدرى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">غير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سياق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مجروح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مقروح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القرح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كثير،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومنه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أيضا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يخفى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تداخل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتبرز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحاجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دقيق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عند</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قراة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نصوص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العلماء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المتقدمين،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كنص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المشار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إليه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الشاعر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أكُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكِدْر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَوْم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">...) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ونصّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخطابيُّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَبْهة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رديئة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبْهة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلامهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّكُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يريدون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّجُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جفاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأعراب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;">»</span><sup><span style="font-size: 18pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 24px;">9</span></span><span style="font-size: 18pt;">)</span></sup></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأمثاله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يوهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُبدلون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كافًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خالصة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وسبب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الوهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرسم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وانتفاء</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المناسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للحرف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لدى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللغويين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">العرب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مناسب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكلٍّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لكان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ذلك</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أوفى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأكمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نقترح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مصلحاتٍ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولكلٍّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رمزه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخاصّ،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يأتي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فرغنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سابقًا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورمزه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المنقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باثنتين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أسفل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠدر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَدْر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورمزه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بثلاث</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تحت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">هكذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الچَدْر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَدْر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وسماه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كمال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بشر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجاف</span><sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">10</span>)</span></sup><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ويرمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">له</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بالكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارسية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أقرب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">له،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثاله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لهجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أكبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo37; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فهذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رموز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">على</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وزن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">واحد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يشير</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفصيح،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">متاحة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ضمن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرموز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الإضافية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأجهزة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحاسوبية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والمصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يزيل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للسامع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكتابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يزيل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للقارئ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإليكم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بعد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتابته</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يناسبه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الرموز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">«</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الذي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سائرةٌ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فِي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اليمن،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جَمَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اضطروا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قالوا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">چَمَل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">....</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بنو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تميم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فإنّهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُلحقون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">باللهاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتَغْلُظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جدًّا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فيقولون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">للقَوْم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠَوْم،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فتكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لُغَة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">معروفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بني</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تَمِيم؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الشّاعر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠُول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لݠِدْرِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الݠَوْمِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠَدْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نَضِجَتْ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ولا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أَݠُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لبابِ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدَّار</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مَݠْفُولُ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">»<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نص</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخطّابي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">برمز</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: «</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الچَبْهة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">لغة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رديئة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبْهة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلامهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الچَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّچُل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يريدون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَبَل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والرَّجُل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">جفاة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأعراب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">».<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وتأمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يزول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">اللبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الألفاظ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقفقفة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مثلنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">آنفا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: (</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ݠليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وچليل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَݠَع،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورچع</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رَݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يَرُݠّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورَچّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يَرُچّه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">) </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أگبر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إننا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">نريد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">تكون</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصطلحاتنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">دقيقة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">معبّرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لبس</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيها،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ومن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">هنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">جاءت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الحاجة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إلى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">دقيق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يُعين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الباحثين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اللهجيين؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يفصل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الجيم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الكاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القفقفة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وكنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اقترحنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصطلحَ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">للقاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">التميمية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">البدوية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">التي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وصفها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ابن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">دريد،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ثم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اخترنا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">له</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">رسمًا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">خاصًّا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القاف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">المنقوطة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">باثنتين</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">تحت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ونجح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">المصطلح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ورسمه،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">واليوم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">نأمل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إكمال</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مصطلحات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القفقفة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فالقَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">والجَيْف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">والكَيْف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ثلاثة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصوات</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">متماثلة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لظاهرة</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القفقفة،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وكل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">منها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يعبّر</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بحرفه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الأول</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">من</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">اسمه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">عن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">أصله</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وأما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الأعلام</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الأجنبية،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيكتب</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">حرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">g</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الإنݠليزية</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وما</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">يماثلها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بالقيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مطلقا؛</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لأنّ</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">نُطقه</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيها</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ثابت،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وهو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">صوت</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مماثل</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لنطق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القيف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">في</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">لهجاتنا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">فيحسن</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">الاصطلاح</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بكتابته</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">بحرف</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">واحد</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">هو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">القيف،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وأمثلته</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">google</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>= </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ݠوݠل،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">وݠولدتسيهر،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">و</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Margoliouth</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>/ </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">مرݠليوث،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">و</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">England</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>/ </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">إنݠلترا،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">ونحو</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text1;">هذا</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">عبدالرزاق الصاعدي<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ملحوظة: فُرغ من هذا المقال بتاريخ 16/ 11/ 1438هـ </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ووردت الفكرة والمصطلحات في تغريدات قبل عدة سنوات</span></span></b></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title="">(</a>1)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref1" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجمهرة 1/ 42.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title="">(</a>2)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref2" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">شرح السيرافي
13/ 13 تحقيق قلعجي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" dir="RTL">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title="">(</a>3)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref3" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">الجمهرة 1/ 42</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" dir="RTL">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title="">(</a>4)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref4" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">في المطبوع: الأصل.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" dir="RTL">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title="">(</a>5)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref5" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">شرح السيرافي
17/ 10 تحقيق قلعجي</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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العربية 1/ 44</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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الحاجب 2/ 923</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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2/ 922</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">(9)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">غريب الحديث
للخطابي 2/ 329</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span dir="LTR"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref10" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10;" title="">(</a>10)</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/dell/Dropbox/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%20%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A9/(((((%20%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20)))))/%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%92%D9%82%D9%8E%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A9%20%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9%20%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7.docx#_ednref10" title=""><!--[endif]--></a></span></span></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">اقترح الدكتور
كمال بشر لهذا الصوت مصطلح (الجاف)، وقبله في عام 1959 اقترح محمد فريد أبو حديد حرف
الجاف لما نسميه القيف، ورد ذلك في كلامه عن ميزات اللهجة الليبية فذكر منها: «أن القاف
تنطق عندهم جيما قاهرية وهي حرف الجاف، وشأنهم في ذلك شأن العري في كثير من البلاد
العربية» (اللهجات العربية بحوث ودراسات 517) الطبعة الثانية وهو من بحث عرض<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في الجلسة الثامنة لمؤتمر الدورة الخامسة والعشرين
سنة 1959م بعنوان بعض ملاحظات في اللهجة العربية الليبية وصلتها بالفصحى) ونراها
تسمية غير مناسبة، ولو جعلها للحرف المقفقف من الجيم لكان أوفق، واختيارنا للجيف
من أجل التوازن الصوتي بينه وبين القيف.</span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-7609497807028532732018-09-14T23:36:00.002+03:002018-09-14T23:37:40.456+03:00قرارات مجمع اللغة الافتراضي: ثلاثون قرارًا مجمعيّا:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قرارات
مجمع اللغة الافتراضي<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثلاثون
قرارًا مجمعيّا<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الأول:</b> الموقف من دراسة اللهجات العربية المعاصرة.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الثاني:</b> تعريب مصطلح ريتويت </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">retweet</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الثالث:</b> تعريب الإنتركشن والمنشن: التفاعل والإشارة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الرابع:</b> تعريب (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Report for spam</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الخامس:</b> تعريب ريموت كونترول.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
السادس:</b> تعريب البلوتوث.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
السابع:</b> التعريب فرن المكرويف.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الثامن:</b> تصحيح قولهم: (بدل فاقد).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
التاسع:</b> تعريب مصطلح (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">workshop</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>)
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">وتعريب (البايو- </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bio</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) في
تويتر.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار العاشر:</b> حرف القَيْف من الأصوات العربية
الفرعية.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الحادي عشر:</b> رسم حرف القَيْف.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار الثاني عشر:</b> إصلاح تركيب (جاري الكتابة)</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار الثالث عشر:</b> تعريب: ( </span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">trailer / promo / teaser</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار الرابع عشر:</b> مصطلح (تهامة الحرمين).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار الخامس عشر:</b> مصطلح (اليَأْيَأة) ظاهرة قلب
الجيم ياء في الفصحى ولهجاتها.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار السادس عشر:</b> مصطلح (القُوّات المُجَوْقَلة).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار السابع عشر:</b> مصطلحا (التستسة) و(التشتشة).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار الثامن عشر:</b> عدم قياسية صيغة (فِعْلٍ) ومؤنَّثِها
فِعْلَةٍ للمفعولية الثابتة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار التاسع عشر:</b> إجازة مصطلح (اللغات العُرُوبية) مرادفاً لمصطلح (اللغات السامية).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار العشرون:</b> إجازة اشتقاق الفعل (مَعْجَمَ) من لفظ المُعجم.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار الحادي والعشرون:</b> تعريب دراجة القدمين الكهربائية
المسمّاة (</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Smart
Scooter</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> /<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hoverboard Segway</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الثاني والعشرين:</b> الرَّكْمَجَة كلمة منحوتة من ركوب الأمواج.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الثالث والعشرون:</b> فكّ الاشتباك بين مصطلحي (اللغويات) و(اللسانيات) وتخصيص دلالتهما.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الرابع والعشرون:</b> قبول (حادُوشاء) واستحقاقها المعجمة لتشاكل أُختيها عاشُوراء وتاسُوعاء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الخامس والعشرون:</b> الواو المقحمة بين الصفة الموصولة وموصوفها، أو واو الذي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
السادس والعشرون:</b> إجازة قولهم: (خَدَمات) حملا على المفرد: خَدْمة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
السابع والعشرون:</b> تعريب مصطلح: (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cyber security</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الثامن والعشرون:</b> (الحركلة) تعريب مصطلح (الهايكنق </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hiking</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
التاسع والعشرون:</b> قراءة العدد المعطوف ذي الأرقام العديدة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> القرار
الثلاثون:</b> (بَرْمَجان) تعريب هاكاثون (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>).</span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-24858414483394629182018-09-08T20:05:00.002+03:002018-09-08T21:45:51.345+03:00القرار الثلاثون: (بَرْمَجان) تعريب هاكاثون hackathon :<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">القرار
الثلاثون<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(بَرْمَجان) تعريب
هاكاثون </span></u></b><b><u><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">((</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُقرّر
مجمع اللغة الافتراضي بعد الاطلاع على المناقشات العلنية التي دارت في وسائل التواصل
الاجتماعي لنحو شهر، ثم الاطلاع على نتيجة التصويت العامّ في تويتر والتصويت الخاصّ
للجنة العلمية أنّ التعريب الأمثل لمصطلح (</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>) الذي يدل على حدثٍ برمجي يستمرّ لعدّة أيّام، يلتقي فيه عدد كبير من
الأشخاص للمشاركة في نشاطات برمجة جماعية تعاونية أو في إطار مسابقة= هو (بَرْمَجان)
منحوت من لفظين: برنامج ومهرجان، (بَرْمَ) من برنامج و(جان) من مهرجان على طريق
النحت عند ابن فارس، أو يؤخذ بالاشتقاق من البرمجة على وزن فَعْللان، مشاكلة لزَعْفَران
وشَعْشَعان، ومعنى (بَرْمجان): مهرجان البرمجة، أو التنافس البرمجي، أو السباق البرمجي،
ومما يُرجّح هذا الاختيار أنه كلمة واحدة، فيمكن إضافتها لغيرها بيسر وسهولة، فيقال مثلا:
(بَرْمجان الحجّ) مقابل (هاكاثون الحج) وهو أخف من قولنا: مهرجان البرمجة للحجّ أو
السباق البرمجي للحج، ونحو ذلك. </span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والمجمع يدعو إلى نشر المصطلح والأخذ به.. والله
وليّ التوفيق</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">))</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">أصوات اللجنة
العلمية: </span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">أ. د. أحمد بن سعيد قشاش الغامدي من جامعة
الباحة (السباق البرمجي)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. بدر بن عائد الكلبي من الجامعة الإسلامية (مهرجان
البرمجة)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">أ. د. بدر بن محمد الجابري من الجامعة
الإسلامية (السباق البرمجي)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. بلال السامرائي من العراق (التنافس البرمجي)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 5-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. تركي الغنامي من وزارة التعليم (مهرجان
البرمجة)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 6-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. حسن بن عبدالمنعم العوفي من الجامعة
الإسلامية (التنافس البرمجي)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 7-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. حسن قابور من جامعة جازان (بَرْمجان)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 8-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. حسن كريدم الزبيدي من وزارة التعليم (السباق
البرمجي)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 9-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">أ. حمود بن عبدالرحمن العبيد،
من حائل (بِرْمجان).</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 10-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. خالد أبو حكمة من جامعة
الملك خالد (التنافس البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 11-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">د. خالد الشبل من جامعة القصيم
(السباق البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 12-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">أ. د. سالم بن سليمان الخمّاش
من جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز (التنافس البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 13-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">د. سامي بن عمير الصاعدي من
الجامعة الإسلامية (السباق البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 14-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. سامي الفقيه الزهراني من
جامعة الباحة (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 15-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">أ. سلطان العميمي من الإمارات
العربية المتحدة (السباق البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 16-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. سليمان خاطر من جامعة القصيم (بَرْمجان)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 17-</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">د. صالح بن عويد الحربي من
الجامعة الإسلامية (السباق البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 18-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">أ. د. عائض بن بنية الردادي من
وزارة الثقافة والإعلام (السباق البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 19-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. عبدالله بن صالح الفلاح من
جامعة القصيم (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 20-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. عبدالله عثمان اليتيمي من
الجامعة الإسلامية (بَرْمجان) </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 21-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. عبدالله بن عيسى الفضيّخ من
جامعة الملك فيصل (التنافس البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 22-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">أ. د. عبدالله عويقل السلمي من
جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز (مهرجان البرمجة)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 23-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. عبدالله غليس من جامعة
الكويت (بَرْمجان).</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 24-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">أ. د. فريد بن عبدالعزيز
الزامل من جامعة القصيم (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 25-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أ. د. ماهر بن مهل الرحيلي من الجامعة الإسلامية
(بَرْمجان)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 26-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">د. مبارك بن لافي الكلبي من
الجامعة الإسلامية (مهرجان البرمجة)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 27-</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">د. محمد بن راجي الصاعدي من
الجامعة الإسلامية (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 28-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">د. معتاد الحربي من جامعة طيبة (بَرْمجان)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 29-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. مكين بن حوفان القرني من
جامعة الباحة (التنافس البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 30-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. موسى بن زبن العليان، من
وزارة التعليم (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 31-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. ناصر الهذيلي من جامعة الأمير
سطام (السباق البرمجي)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 32-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">د. نصار حميد الدين من الجامعة
الإسلامية (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 33-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">أ. نوار بن قبال السلمي من الهيئة الملكية للجبيل وينبع (بَرْمجان)</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 34-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">م. نواف بن سليم البيضاني
الحربي من شركة أرامكو (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 35-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span lang="AR-SA">أ. وائل الهنيدي من الكويت (بَرْمجان)</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 36-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">أ. د. عبدالرزاق الصاعدي رئيس
اللجنة العلمية (برمجان)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">نتيجة تصويت أعضاء اللجنة:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">التنافس البرمجي (العدد 6) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>16.66%</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">السباق البرمجي (العدد 9) 25%</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">مهرجان البرمجة (العدد 4) 11.11%</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">بَرْمجان (العدد 17) 47.22%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><b>نتيجة التصويت العلم الذي أُجرِيَ عن طريق تويتر:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">التنافس البرمجي 24%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">السباق البرمجي 28%</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">مهرجان البرمجة 17%</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">بَرْمجان 31%</span><span dir="LTR" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 54.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">ويقتضي منهجنا في المجمع أن يكون للجنة العلمية 70% من الأصوات
وللتصويت العام 30% من الأصوات، وفيما يأتي النتيجة النهائية:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" dir="rtl" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -4.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-dir: bidi; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.45pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">المصطلح<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;" valign="top" width="141"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">التصويت العام<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 159.1pt;" valign="top" width="212"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">تصويت اللجنة العلمية<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-right: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.1pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">المجموع<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">100%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">30%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">العدد<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">100%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">70%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.45pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">التنافس البرمجي<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">24%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">7,21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">16,66%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">11,66<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.1pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">18.87%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.45pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">السباق البرمجي<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">28%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">8,42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">25%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">17,5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.1pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">25.92%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.45pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">مهرجان البرمجة<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">17%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">5,11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">11,11%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">7,77<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.1pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">12.88%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 111.45pt;" valign="top" width="149"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">بَرْمجان<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">31%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">9,33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.0pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">47,22%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.1pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">42.33%<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ورقة
القرار الثلاثين تعريب هاكاثون </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> شاع
في الآونة الأخيرة مصطلح: </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">وهو حدث برمجي يستمر لعدة أيام، يلتقي فيه عدد كبير
من الأشخاص للمشاركة في فعاليات برمجة جماعية تعاونية أو في إطار مسابقة، ويأتي
الـ </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">في سياق الحديث عن هاكاثون
الحج، وغيره، وقد أردنا في المجمع أن نختار لهذا المصطلح التعريب الأمثل، فوضعناه على
طاولة الحوار والمناقشة العلنية العامّة في حساب المجمع وحساب (تعريب) التابع للمجمع،
على منهجنا في التعريب ومناقشة القرارات.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="AR-SA"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>وكان
من ثمرة المناقشات اقتراح عدة مصطلحات منها: مضمار البرمجة، وسباق البرمجة، وبرمجة
حاسوبية، وبَرْمَجان وهو منحوت من بَرْنامج ومَهْرجان أو مشتق من البرمجة على وزن
فعللان، وسرمجة منحوت من سباق وبرمجة، منافسة برمجية، تسبير من السبر، وعصف برمجي،
وتقانون، وتقنون، وتجمّع تقني، والبرمجة الجمعية أو الجماعية، الاستكشاف الجمعي أو
الجماعي، وتراميز، ومرامزة، وترماز، واستمطار برمجي، ومحسبة، وبهكثان، وبهكثون، والمُهتَكَث
للدّلالة على الملتقى من اهتكَثَ وهو فعل مشتق من المصطلح الأجنبي، وقد رأت لجنة التعريب
اختيار أربعة مصطلحات مما دار في المناقشات العلنية لاختيار أحدها، وهي: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التنافس
البرمجي.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السباق
البرمجي.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مهرجان
البرمجة.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بَرْمجان<span style="color: red;"> </span>(منحوت من برنامج ومهرجان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو
مشتق من البرمجة على وزن فعللان).</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والمجمع
يضع هذه الأربعة تحت الأنظار، ويتيحها للتصويت من قبل اللجنة العلمية، ثم التصويت
العام. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ملحوظة:
وردت المصطلحات الثلاثة الأولى في حوارات كثير من الأعضاء بالمجمع ويصعب تحديد أول من اقترحها وأما
المصطلح الرابع (برمجان) فلعلّ أول من اقترحه هو سعد بقّا صاحب هذا الحساب @</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">SaidBagga</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 16pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; text-indent: 36pt;"><b> عبدالرزاق الصاعدي.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; text-indent: 36pt;">28 ذو الحجة 1439هـ </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif;">8 سبتمبر 2018م</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; text-indent: 36pt;">المدينة المنورة</span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-70491081985890077082018-09-06T20:52:00.000+03:002018-09-06T20:52:03.929+03:00مسودة القرار الثلاثين: تعريب هاكاثون hackathon <div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">مسودة
القرار الثلاثين</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تعريب
هاكاثون </span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic", serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> شاع
في الآونة الأخيرة مصطلح: </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">وهو حدث برمجي يستمر لعدة أيام، يلتقي فيه عدد كبير
من الأشخاص للمشاركة في فعاليات برمجة جماعية تعاونية أو في إطار مسابقة، ويأتي
الـ </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hackathon</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">في سياق الحديث عن هاكاثون
الحج، وغيره، وقد أردنا في المجمع أن نختار لهذا المصطلح التعريب الأمثل، فوضعناه على
طاولة الحوار والمناقشة العلنية العامّة في حساب المجمع وحساب (تعريب) التابع للمجمع،
على منهجنا في التعريب ومناقشة القرارات.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="AR-SA"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وكان من ثمرة المناقشات اقتراح عدة مصطلحات منها:
مضمار البرمجة، وسباق البرمجة، وبرمجة حاسوبية، وبَرْمَجان وهو منحوت من بَرْنامج
ومَهْرجان أو مشتق من البرمجة على وزن فعللان، وسرمجة منحوت من سباق وبرمجة، منافسة
برمجية، تسبير من السبر، وعصف برمجي، وتقانون، وتقنون، وتجمّع تقني، والبرمجة الجمعية
أو الجماعية، الاستكشاف الجمعي أو الجماعي، وتراميز، ومرامزة، وترماز، واستمطار
برمجي، ومحسبة، وبهكثان، وبهكثون، والمُهتَكَث للدّلالة على الملتقى من اهتكَثَ
وهو فعل مشتق من المصطلح الأجنبي، وقد رأت لجنة التعريب اختيار أربعة مصطلحات مما دار
في المناقشات العلنية لاختيار أحدها، وهي: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">التنافس
البرمجي.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السباق
البرمجي.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">مهرجان
البرمجة.</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Traditional Arabic";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بَرْمجان
(منحوت من برنامج ومهرجان</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو مشتق من البرمجة على وزن فعللان).</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" dir="RTL" style="margin-right: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Traditional Arabic","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والمجمع
يضع هذه الأربعة تحت الأنظار، ويتيحها للتصويت من قبل اللجنة العلمية، ثم التصويت
العام. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>مجمع اللغة الافتراضي</b></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
المدينة المنورة</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
26 ذو الحجة 1438هـ </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
6 سبتمبر 2018م</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-3674946883468624442018-08-16T14:53:00.000+03:002018-08-16T22:53:36.847+03:00أثر التّسمية في همزة الوصل:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">أثر
التّسمية في همزة الوصل</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">أ.د.
عبدالرّزّاق بن فرّاج الصّاعديّ<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; line-height: 115%;">البحث منشور في </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; text-align: justify;">مجلة الدراسات اللغوية المجلد العشرون، العدد الرابع، (شوال - ذو الحجة 1438هـ</span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بسم
الله الرحمن الرحيم<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المقدّمة:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> الحمد
لله وحده، والصّلاة والسّلام على من لا نبيَّ بعده.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> أمّا
بعد؛ فقد ورد إليَّ غيرَ مرّة أسئلة عن حكم همزات الوصل في المسمّى به، كقولهم: ما
حكمُ همزة المصادر (ابتسام) و(انشراح) و(اعتدال) بعد التسمية بها وانتقالها إلى العلمية؟
أهي همزةُ وصلٍ على أصلها أم تصير همزةَ قطع؟ وما حكم همزة اثنين في (يوم الاثنين)؟
ونحو هذا من الأسئلة، وحين وقفتُ وراجعتُ رأيتُ ارتباكًا ظاهرًا في بعض المصادر والمراجع
اللغوية المتأخّرة، ورأيتُ مَن يُفتي بقطع الهمزة في الاسم بعد التّسمية في (ابتسام)
وأخواتها من المصادر، و(الاثنين) وأخواته( )، والجملة المحكية المسمّى بها، نحو (يا
المنطلقُ زيدٌ)؛ اغترارًا بما يراه في كتب بعض النحويين المتأخرين، وسمعتُ أساتذة جامعات
من أهل اللغة يُفتُون بأنّ همزة (يوم الاثنين) همزة قطع، ورأيتُ بعض كتب الإملاء تقول
هذا وتجزم به!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فما
حقيقة تلك الهمزة؟ وما أصل ذلك الرأي أو الحكم الذي نراه عند أولئك؟ ومن أين جاءهم؟
وما علّته؟ وهل ثمة ما يؤيّدهم من سماع أو قولٍ لعلماء النحو المتقدّمين؟ وكيف تتعامل
العربية الفصحى مع المبدوء بهمزة وصل إذا سُمّي به؟ هذه أسئلةٌ متنوّعة في مسألةٍ لغويةٍ
مهمّة ذات صلة وثيقة بكلام الناس وأسمائهم، وهم يريدون نطقها وكتابتها على نهج العرب
في كلامهم ورسم حروفهم؛ لأن الخطأ فيها لحن.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فأقول
وبالله التوفيق: إنّ مفردات كلام العرب ثلاثة أنواع: أسماء، وأفعال، وحروف، وللأسماء
أو الاسم في العربية تقسيمات( )، منها: وصفٌ أو جامدٌ أو علم. والعلم هو الاسمُ الخاصُّ
الذي يعين مُسمّاه بلا قيد التكلّم أو الخطاب أو الغيبة( )، وهو: ضربان: منقول ومرتجل(
)، والمنقول إلى الاسميّة ثلاثة أنواع: اسم نكرة، وفعل، وصوت، والمنقول إلى العلمية
ضربان: عين ومعنى، والعين أيضاً ضربان: اسم غير صفة واسم صفة. الأول منها نحو أَوْس
وحَجَر وبَكْر وجَمَل، والثاني هو الاسم المنقول من الصفة، وذلك نحو: مالك وجابر وحاتم
وفاطمة ونائلة. والصفة المنقولة ضربان: أحدهما: ما نُقل وفيه اللام فأُقِرّتْ بعد النقل
عليه، وذلك نحو الحارث والعباس، والآخر: ما نُقِلَ ولا لامَ فيه، نحو: سعيد ومُكرم،
وأما المرتجل فهو علي ضربين: قياسيّ, وشاذٌّ. فالقياسيّ نحو: غَطَفان, وعِمْران, وحَمْدان,
وفَقْعَس, وحَنْتَف، والشاذّ نحو: مَحْبَب, ومَوْهَب, ومَوْظَب, ومَكْوَزة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> والتسمية
من خصائص الأسماء، ولكن العرب قد تُسمّي بالأفعال أو الحروف والجمل، وقد ينقل الفعل
بأزمنته الثلاثة إلى العلم، فمن الماضي نحو شَمَّر وتَرْجَم والدُّئل( )، ومن المضارع
نحو يَشْكُر ويَزِيد وتَغْلِب ويَعْفُر، والأمر؛ نحو إصْمِت اسم فلاة، وأطْرِقا اسم
موضع، والحرف نحو (أل) حينما تحكيها فتكون اسمًا، وأما الجملة فنحو: تَأَبَّطَ شّرّا
وشابَ قرناها.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> والذي
يعنينا في هذا البحث هو المسمّى به من الأسماء أو الأفعال أو الحروف أو الجمل مما فيه
همزة وَصل قبل التسمية، وحكم الهمزة بعد التسمية. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> حكم
الهمزة الموصولة في اللفظ المسمّى به:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قبل
أن أستعرض آراء العلماء وتعليلاتهم في حكم الهمزة الموصولة بعد التسمية بما هي فيه
يمكن تلخيص المسألة وبيان حكمها بيانًا وجيزًا ليكون كالتوطئة والمدخل لما بعده من
آراء لعلماء النحو فيها، فأقول: لا يخلو ما فيه همزة وصل حين يُسمّى به من أن يكون
قبل التسمية لفظًا مفردًا أو جملةً، ولا يخلو المفرد من أن يكون اسمًا أو فعلًا أو
حرفًا، ولا تخلو الجملة من أن تكون اسميةً أو فعلية، وتأتي هذه الصُّوَر في الإجمال
على النحو الآتي:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> أولا:
المسمّى به المفرد:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> أ-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>إن كان اسمًا كابن واسم واثنين وامرئ وابتسام
واقتدار وابتداء واجتماع بقيت همزته على حالها موصولة؛ على الرأي الأشهر، لأنه لم يخرج
عن بابه، فاستُصحب ما كان ثابتًا له قبل التسمية. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ب-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>إن كان فعلا نحو اضْرِبْ وانْظُرْ واستَخْرَجَ
وانْفَعَلَ خاليًا من ضميره قَطعتَ همزتَه، فتقول: جاء إضْرِبُ ورأيت أنظُرَ وجاء إستخرجُ
ومررت بإنفعلَ، لأنه خرج من باب الأفعال إلى باب الأسماء، فأخذ حكمها الغالب، وشاهده
عند النحويين: إصمِت( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ت-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>إن كان حرفًا كأداة التعريف اللام( ) قَطعتَ الهمزة
أيضا، فتقول: (ألْ) أداةُ تعريف. وعِلّتُهُ علّةُ الأفعال، وهي الخروج عن بابه والدخول
في باب آخر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ثانيا:
المسمّى به المنقول من جملة:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المسمّى
بالجملة يحكى على حاله قبل التسمية، فلا يتغيّر، ولا يؤثر فيه الإعراب، وهو نوعان:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> أ-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الجملة الاسمية: نحو (زيدُ مجتهدُ) فإذا سُمّيت
بها قلت: جاءَ زيدٌ مجتهدٌ ورأيت زيدٌ مجتهدٌ ومررت بزيدٌ مجتهدٌ، وكذلك ما فيه الألف
واللام نحو: (الرجلُ منطلقٌ) و(المنطلقُ زيدٌ)، تحكيه كما هو، وتُبقي همزته همزة وصل،
فتقول: (هذا الرجلُ منطلقٌ)، و(رأيتُ الرجلُ منطلقٌ) و(مررتُ بالرجلُ منطلقٌ)، ومثله
في ذلك: (المنطلقُ زيدٌ) على الرأي الأشهر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ب-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> الجملة الفعلية: وهي كالجملة الاسمية في الحكم،
تحكيها كما هي عند التسمية، فإذا سمّيت بـ(خرج زيدٌ) قلت: (هذا خرجَ زيدٌ)، وإذا سميت
بـ (استقام الطريقُ) قلت: (هذا استقامَ الطريقُ)، وهمزته وصل على أصلها، لأنه محكي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> تنبيه:
يحتملُ الفعل المنفرد على صورته حين يُسمّى به نحو (انْفَطَرَ) أو (اِضْرِبْ) وجهين(
):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>الأول:
</b>أن تنوي فيه الضمير فتعامله معاملة الجملة؛ أي: تحكيه على لفظه، فتقول في رجل سميته
اضْرِبْ: هذا اضْرِبْ ورأيتُ اضْرِبْ ومررتُ باضْرِبْ، تحكيه على حاله الأولى في الإعراب
وتبقي همزة الوصل إن كانت فيه قبل التسميه؛ لأنك أضمرتَ فيه ضمير الفاعل، والتقدير:
اضرب أنت، فحكمه حكم الجملة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>الثاني:</b>
ألا تنوي فيه ضميرًا؛ أي: لا تضمر فيه، فتجعله لفظًا مجردًا خاليًا من الضمير، فتقول
في رجل سمّيته اضْرِبْ: هذا إضْرِبُ ورأيت إضْرِبَ ومررتُ بإضْرِبَ، بهمزة قطع، وتعربه
إعراب الممنوع من الصّرف للعلميّة ووزن الفعل.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> هذه
خلاصة قاعدة التّسمية مما فيه همزة وصل، ويمكن عدّها من الأحكام المستقرّة لدى النحويّين
الأوائل والأجيال التي جاءت بعدهم إلى القرن العاشر، ولم يخالفهم أحد في تلك القرون
-فيما أعلم- سوى ابن الطَّراوة فيما رُوي عنه( )، ثم نجد أراء مضطربة لبعض النحويين
أو الباحثين المتأخرين، كما سيأتي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وحين
نستعرض الآراء أو الأحكام في هذه المسألة في تراثنا النحوي على امتداد العصور المتعاقبة
نجدها تنحصر في رأيين رئيسين؛ رأيٍ شهير وهو رأي سيبويه وعامّة النحويين، وهو ما أوجزت
خلاصته آنفا، ورأي مخالف في همزة المسمّى به من الاسم، وهو رأي ابن الطراوة ومن وافقه
في الحكم، كالصّبّان والخُضَري ونصر الهورينيّ وعبّاس حسن، وفيما يأتي سرد تاريخيّ
لأقوالهم في المسمّى به.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وسأعرض
المسألة وآراء العلماء من خلال قسمين كبيرين في داخلهما فروع، وهما: همزة الوصل في
المسمى به في النداء وهمزة الوصل في المسمى به في غير النداء، وسأبدأ بالهمزة في غير
النداء؛ لأنه الأصل:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>المبحث
الأول: همزة الوصل في المسمّى به في غير النداء</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وما
فيه هذه الهمزة لا يخلو من أن يكون لفظًا مفردًا أو جملةً محكية، فهو نوعان أو قسمان،
وفيما يأتي بسط ذلك:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b> أولا:
همزة الوصل في اللفظ المفرد:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وآراء
النحويين وعللهم في هذا تجري على نسقٍ منتظم في الحكم والتعليل، وتسير في مجرى واحد
يشبه الإجماع التامّ، لولا رأيٌ شاذّ نقل عن ابن الطّرواة، فلذا جعلت الحديث فيه مقسومًا
قسمين، أحدهما لرأي الجمهور والآخر لرأي ابن الطراوة، وهما:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> أ-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>رأي الجمهور:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أنقل
هنا ما وقفتُ عليه من آرائهم، وأرصدها بنصّها لاختلافهم في التمثيل والتعليل، رغبةً
في إشراك القارئ في قراءة النصوص وفهمها دون أن أفرض عليه فهمي، وسيُلاحظ أنّ أقوالهم
تدور على علة الانتقال من باب إلى باب، في المسمى به من الأفعال، وأخذ حكم ما انتقلت
إليه، أو علة البقاء في الباب نفسه في المسمى به من الأسماء، وفيما يأتي أقوالهم بنصوصها:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 1-
نبدأ برأي إمام النحويين سيبويه (ت180هـ)، ورأيه في المسألة صريح ومُعلّل، وهو العمدة
فيها وفي غيرها من مسائل النحو، والنحويون بعده يسيرون على نهجه، ولا يخالفونه إلا
بثبت وبيّنه. قال سيبويه في هذه المسألة: «إذا سمَّيت رجلاً بـ(اضْرِبْ) أو (اقْتُلْ)
أو (اذْهَبْ) لم تصرفها، وقطعتَ الألفات حتَّى يصير بمنزلة الأسماء؛ لأنك قد غيِّرتها
عن تلك الحال. ألا ترى أنك ترفعها وتنصبها. وتقطع الألف؛ لأنّ الأسماء لا تكون بألف
الوصل، ولا يُحتجّ بـ (اسمٍ) ولا (ابن) لقلّة هذا مع كثرة الأسماء... <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فإذا
سمَّيت بـ (امرئٍ) رجلاً تركتَه على حاله؛ لأنَّك نقلته من اسم إلى اسم، وصرفتَه لأنَّه
لا يشبه لفظُه لفظَ الفعل. ألا ترى أنك تقول: امرؤٌ وامرئٍ وامرأً، وليس شيءٌ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>من الفعل هكذا. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإذا
جعلت (إضْرِب) أو (أُقْتُل) اسمًا لم يكن له بدٌّ من أن تجعله كالأسماء، لأنَّك نقلت
فعلا إلى اسم. ولو سمَّيته (انطلاقا) لم تقطع الألف؛ لأنَّك نقلت اسمًا إلى اسم»(
). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
في باب أسماء السور: «وإذا أردتَ أن تجعل (اقْتَرَبَتْ) اسماً قطعتَ الألف، كما قطعتَ
ألف (إضْرِب) حين سمَّيتَ به الرجل، حتَّى يصير بمنزلة نظائره من الأسماء»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وسيأتي
قوله في (يوم الاثنين) وهنا ينبغي التنبيه على أن عمدة سيبويه في هذا وفي سائر أحكامه
النحوية هو ما يسمعه من كلام العرب أو يرويه عن أشياخه، كالخليل ويونس والأخفش الأكبر،
وما يقيسه على المسموع عنهم، ومن عادته إن وجد ما يشذّ عن الأصول من كلام العرب أن
ينبه عليه، ولكنه هنا لم ينبه على شذوذ عن الأصل الذي قرره ولم يستدرك عليه أحد بسماع
مخالف، فدلّ ذلك على أنّ ما قرره يوافق كلام العرب.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ورُوي أنّ الفَرّاء (ت 207هـ) كان يُجيز القطع والواصل في (اضْرِبْ) عند التسمية به،
قال ابن خالويه «... والفرّاء إذا سمّى بـ(اضْرِبْ) يُخَيّر القطع والوصل»( ). والظاهر
أنّ التخيير عنده مبنيٌّ على نيّة المتكلم في الضمير، فإن نواه وصل الهمزة وإن لم ينوه
قطعها، على نحو ما تقدّم في إيجاز المسألة، ويجوز حمل القطع عنده على علّة الدخول في
باب الأسماء بعد التسمية به، ويُحمل الوصل عنده على بقائه على الأصل قبل النقل استصحابًا
للحال، والله أعلم.</span></div>
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وبعد عقودٍ من وفاة سيبويه نجد قولا للأخفش 215هـ ، يوافق كلام سيبويه، نقله أبو حيّان
في التذكرة، قال: «الأخفش في الأوسط: كلُّ فعل فيه ألف وصل سمّيتَ به رجلا فإنك تقطع
الألف، تقول: هذا (إضْرِب)، فإن سمّيت بـ(ابن) أو (امرأة) وصلت الألف؛ لأنك تنقل اسمًا
إلى اسم، فتتركه على حاله موصولا»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال المبرد (ت 285هـ) في المقتضب: «فإن سمّيت السُّورَة أَو الرّجل أَو غير ذلك بفعل،
أجريته مجرى الأَسماء، وذلك أَنّك تقول إذا أضفت إِلى (اقْتَرَبت السَّاعَة وانْشَقَّ
الْقَمَر): قَرَأت سُورَة (إقتربَهْ)؛ لأَنَّك إِذا سمّيت بفعل فيه تاء تأنيث صارت
فى الوقف هاء؛ لأَنّك نقلته إلى اسم، فصارَ آخِره كآخر حمدة؛ لأَنَّهُ فى الأَصْل مدرج
بالتَّاء، والتَّاء عَلامة التّأنيث، وإنّما تُبدل منها فى الوقف هاء، وتقطع ألف الوصل؛
كما أَنّك لو سمّيت رجلا بقولك: (اضْرِبْ) في الأمر قطعت الْألف حَتَّى تصير كألفات
الأَسْماء فتقول: (هذا إضْرِبُ قد جاء)، فتصيّره بمنزلة إثْمِد. فعلى هذا قلت: هذه
سُورة (إقتربَهْ) فإِن وصلتَ قلتَ: (هذه سُورة اقْتَرَبت السَّاعَة)؛ لأَنّها الآنَ
فعلٌ رفعتَ بها السَّاعة، وسميتَ بهما جميعًا؛ كما أَنّك لو سمّيتَ رجلا: قَامَ زيدٌ
لقلت: هذا (قَامَ زيدٌ)؛ لأَنّك سمّيتَ بفعل وفاعل»( )، أي بجملة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ولأبي إسحاق الزّجّاج (ت 311هـ) كلام نفيس يتضمّن التفريق بين الفعل المنقول بضميره
والفعل المجرد من ضميره، مع ذكر العلل، قال: «وإذا سمّيت رجلا بـاضربْ أو استضربَ أو
احرنجمَ -ومعنى احرنجم اجتمع- فإنك تقطع الألف، فتقول: (هذا إضْرِبُ قد جاء) وتمنعه
الصرف؛ لأنّه على وزن الفعل وهو معرفة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فأما
قوله جل وعز: (من إستبرقٍ)[الرحمن 54] فإنما صُرِفَ؛ لأنّه نكره، والألف مقطوعة، وإنّما
قطعت الألف؛ لأنك نقلتَ الأفعال( ) إلى الأسماء، وأصل ألفات الوصل للأفعال، فلمّا أخرجتَها
إلى الأسماء أخرجتَها إلى باب غير ألفات الوصل. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فإنْ
سمّيتَه (استخراج) أو (استضراب) وصلتَ الألف؛ لأنّ هذه الألف كانت في المصدر موصولة
كما كانت في الفعل موصولة، فنقلتَ اسمًا فيه ألف وصل من معنى إلى معنى، وكلا المعنيين
اسمان، فتركتَ الألف على حالها. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وإذا
سميتَ رجلًا (ابن) وَصَلتَ الألف –أيضا- فقلتَ: (هذا ابنٌ قد جاء)، وصرفتَ هذه الأسماء
كلّها، أعني (استفعالٌ) و(انفعالٌ) و(افتعالٌ)؛ لأنها ليست على وزن الفعل... <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وإذا
سمّيتَ رجلًا (اضْرِبْ) الذي فيه ضمير تركتَ ألفه موصولة، ووقفت آخره في الرفع والنصب
والجر- وكذلك كلُّ كلام عَمِلَ بعضُه في بعض- تقول: (هذا اضْرِبْ قد جاء) تلفظ بالضاد
بعد الذّال، سقطت ألف اضربْ للوصل وسقطت ألف هذا لسكون الضاد وبقي موقوفا؛ لأنّه قُدّر
مع المضمر، كأنّك قلت: اضربْ أنت»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويقول أبو بكر بن السراج (ت 316هـ) في الأصول: «فإنْ سمّيتَ بـ(اضْرِبْ) أو (اقْبَلْ)
قطعت الألف، ولم تصرفه، فقلت: (هذا إضْرِبُ قد جاء)، و(إذْهَبُ وإقْبَلُ قد جاءا)؛
لأنّ ألف الوصل إنّما حقّها الدّخول على الأفعال وعلى الأسماء الجارية على تلك الأفعال،
نحو: استضرب استضراباً وانطلق انطلاقاً، فأمّا الأسماء التي ليست بمصادر جاريةٍ على
أفعالها فألف الوصل غير داخلة عليها، وإنّما دخلت في أسماء قليلة نحو: ابنٍ وامرئٍ
واستٍ، وليس هذا بابها، وإن سمّيت رجلاً بـ(تضاربَ) صرفته؛ لأنه ليس على مثال الفعل،
فتقول: هذا تضاربٌ قد جاءَ ومررت بتضاربٍ»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويقف أبو سعيد السّيرافيّ (ت 368هـ) في شرح الكتاب عند علّة بقاء الهمزة بعد التسمية
بما فيه همزة وصل من الأسماء ومصادر الأفعال المبدوءة بهمزة وصل ويزيدها شرحًا، فيقول:
«فإنْ قال قائل: فأنتم إذا سمّيتم بما فيه ألف وصل من الأسماء لم تُغيّروها عن الوصل؟
قيل له: ما كان فيه ألف وصل في الأسماء فهو قليل في الأسماء، كاسم، وابن، وغير ذلك
مما يقصر عددُهُ عن عشرة أسماء وذلك لخفّتها، فخرجت عن منهاج الأسماء. وكذلك مصادر
الأفعال التي في أوائل ماضيها ألف وصل، كقولنا: انطلاق، واستخراج، واحميرار، وهي مصدر:
انطلق واستخرج واحمارّ. فهذه الأسماء التي فيها ألفات الوصل ليس الأصل فيها ذلك، وإذا
سمّينا بها لم تقطع ألفاتها؛ لأنها لم تَزُلْ عن الاسمية، فكأنّها مبقاةٌ على حالتها»(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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يقول في موضع آخر ذاكرًا علّة التغيير في الفعل: «وذكر أبو العباس [المبرّد] أنْ التسمية
بـ (نَزالِ) أقوى في البناء من التسمية بـ (انزل)؛ لأن (انزل) هو فعل، فإذا سمّينا
به فقد نقلناه عن بابه، فلزمه التغيير، كما أنّا نقطع ألف الوصل منه فنغيّره عن حال
الفعل، و(فَعال)، هي اسم، فإذا سمّينا بها لم نغيّرها؛ لأنا لم نخرجها عن الاسمية،
كما أنا لو سمّينا بـ(انطلاق) لم نقطع الألف؛ لأنّ (انطلاق) اسم، فلمّا لم نُخرِجْهُ
عن الاسمية أجرينا عليه لفظه الأول»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ولابن خالويه (ت 370هـ) قولٌ في هذه المسألة، تضمّن تغليطه رأيًا عزاه إلى الكوفيين
في أصل ابن واسم، قال: «وزعم الكوفيّون أنّ الأصل في (اسْمٍ) و(ابنٍ) الأمرُ، كأنّهم
أمروا مِن بَنَى يبني: ابْنِ، ومن سَما يَسْمُو: اسْمُ، كما تقول: اقْضِ وارْمِ، ثمّ
سمّوا به وأعربوا آخره، بعد حذف الياء، وهذا غلط، فلو كان كذلك لقُطِعتْ ألفها، فقيل:
هذا إسم، كما تقول في رجل سمّيته بـ (اضْرِب) الذي للأمر: (هذا إضْرِبُ قد جاء) ولو
سمّيتَ رجلا بـ(اقتربت) قلت: (هذا إقتربت قد جاء)، فتصير مثل إثْمِد وأُصْبُع وأَبْلَم
مقطوعًا، والفرّاء إذا سمّى بـ(اضْرِبْ) يُخَيّر القطع والوصل، وهو على مذهبه صواب،
وعلى مذهب البصريين خطأ»( ).<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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وحين نصل إلى أبي عليّ الفارسي (ت 377هـ) شيخ البصريّين في زمانه وقلعة القياس نسمع
منه مزيدًا من الإيضاح والتعليل في المسألة، وقد تناولها في أكثر من كتاب، قال في المسائل
المنثورة: «إذا سمّيتَ رجلا (إضْرِبْ) قطعتَ الألف فلم تصلها؛ لأنّ باب الأفعال ينقاس
فيه ألف الوصل فيها وفي مصادرها، فتقول: انطلقَ واستخرجَ واحرنجمَ واستقلَّ واستضربَ،
وكذلك ما يجري عليها من المصادر، فلما كانت ألف الوصل تنقاس في الأفعال، ولا تنقاس
في الأسماء؛ لأنّه جاء شيء من الأسماء، فوجب أنْ يقاس ألف الوصل على الاسم، وهو من
الأفعال، ولا يقاس على الأسماء وجب أنْ تقطع؛ لأنّ ألف القطع تنقاس في الأسماء مثل
أحْمَر وأخْضَر وما أشبه ذلك، وإن كانت ألفات القطع أيضا في الأفعال؛ إلا أنّها وإن
كانت فيها فلا تنقاس، ولا تكثر كثرتها في الأسماء؛ لأنّك قد نقلت إلى التسمية، فقد
حصل فيه أنه سمّي به، فقد حصلتْ له التسمية، وأنّ ألف القطع تطّرد في الباب»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ثم
قال: «إذا سمّيت رجلا بـ (اسْمٍ) أو (ابْنٍ) أو بشيء مما أوّله ألف الوصل تركته على
حاله، ولم تقطعه؛ لأنك نقلته من اسم إلى اسم، فوجب أنْ تتركه على ما كان عليه. ولا
يشبه هذا (ذا) ذلك أنّك إذا سمّيت ذا قلت: (ذاءٌ) كما ترى، فلما كان (ذا) إذا سمّيت
به زال معنى الإشارة التي أوجبت له البناء وجب أن تغيّره، وليس ها هنا يجب أن تغير
كما وجب في ذلك»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ويرى
الفارسي أنّ الاسم القرآني (إسْتَبْرَق) أعجميٌّ في أصله، ولكنه لما أُعرب جعلوا حكمه
حكم العربي، وجعلوه من بنات الثلاثة( ) كأنه منقولٌ من الفعل (استبرقَ) فقطعوا همزته
بعد نقله إلى الاسمية، قال في الحلبيات: «وفي هذه الكلمة -أعني قولهم إسْتَبْرَق- موضع
جعله النحويون أصلاً لفروع كثيرة قاسوها عليها، وردوها إليها، وهو أنهم إذا سموا بفعل
في أوله همزة موصولة قبل التسمية بها، وذلك نحو رجل سميته بـ(اضْرِبْ) أو (اقْتُلْ)
أو (اذْهَبْ)، فإنّ الهمزة في ذلك كلّه تُقطع، فيصير (أُقْتُل) بمنزلة أُبْلُم، و(إضْرِب)
بمنزلة إثْمِد، و(إذْهَب) بمنزلة إصْبَع، وذلك إذا وقعت التسمية بالفعل فارغاً من الفاعل،
وإن سُمّي بشيء من ذلك وفيه ضمير الفاعل حُكي ولم يُغيَّر، وإنما تقطع الهمزة إذا وقعت
التسمية بها مفردة؛ ألا ترى أنّ (إسْتَبْرَق) مقطوعة الهمزة مصروفة في التنزيل؟»(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> و(الإسْتَبْرَق)
عند العرب: ما غَلُظَ من الديباج، وفي عربيته خلافٌ، وخلاصته أنّ لهم فيه رأيين(
): فمنهم من يراه عربيًّا منقولًا من الفعلية إلى الاسمية، ومنهم من يراه مُعرّبًا
من الفارسية، وأن أصله فيها: إستبره أو إستروه، وليس هذا محل بسط الخلاف في أصله، وحسبنا
فيه الإشارة إلى أنّ الوجه الأوّل رأيٌ لبعض العلماء القدماء، وهو عندهم من شواهد المنقول
من الفعلية إلى الاسمية مع قطع الهمزة، وأنا أرى عجمته من جهة الأصل، ولكنهم لما عرّبوه
حملوه على ما يناسبه من الأبنية العربية( )، وجعلوه من بنات الثلاثة( ) المزيدة مثل
اسْتَخْرَجَ، ولما رأوا قطعَ همزته حملوه على المنقول من الأفعال إلى الاسمية، وتوهّموه
عربيًّا، وأما صرفه فلأنه نكرة يدخله التعريف، كالإبْرِيسَم والديباج والفِرِنْد، وهذا
النوعُ من الأعجميّ جارٍ مجرى العربيّ، يمنعه من الصرف ما يمنعه، ويُوجبه له ما يوجبه،
كما قال ابن يعيش( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ومن الشُّرّاح أبو الحسن الرُّمّاني (ت 384هـ) إذ يتصدّى إلى شرح كلام سيبويه، فيقول:
«لو سمّيتَ رجلا (اسْتِضْراب) لم تقطع ألف الوصل؛ لأنّ حاله بعد التسمية تشبه حاله
قبل التسمية، إذ لم يخرجه النقل إلا إلى تسميةٍ قد كان على مثلها قبلُ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ولو
سميّت رجلًا (اسْتَضْرَبَ) لقطعت ألف الوصل؛ لأنّ حاله بعد التسميه لا تشبه حاله قبل
التسميه؛ إذ قد أخرجه النقل إلى ما هو بمنزلة الجنس، الذي يباعده من الجنس الأوّل،
فلزمه أحكام ما خرج إليه، إذ كان ذلك أحقَّ به من هذا الوجه»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ثم
يقول بعد ذلك: «و(إضْرِبُ) في التسمية لا ينصرف في المعرفة، وتُقطع ألف الوصل فيه،
ولا تقطع في (ابن) ولا (اسم)؛ لأنّ (اضْرِبْ) نُقِل من فعل إلى اسم، و(ابن) إنما نقل
من اسم إلى اسم.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولا يلزم تغيير ضُرِبَ وضُورِب في التسمية، كما يلزم
تغيير ألف الوصل؛ لأنّ تغيير البنية ليس للاسم بحقّ التسمية، وله تغيير حرف الإعراب،
وما جرى مجراه من تغيير الحرف الواحد الذي تقتضيه التّسميه، فلذلك غُيّر ألف الوصل
إلى القطع، ولم تُغيّر الصيغة إلى صيغة أخرى. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وحكم
(امْرِئ) في التسمية أن يُترك على حاله في ثلاثة أشياء: ألف الوصل، والصرف، والإتباع؛
لأنه نُقل من اسم إلى اسم، فتقول بعد التسمية هذا امْرُؤٌ ورأيت امْرَأً ومررت بامْرِئٍ
على ما كان قبلُ.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> و(انطلاق)
إذا سُمّي به ينصرف؛ ولا تقطع ألف الوصل فيه؛ لأنه نُقل من اسم إلى اسم»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ولابن جِنّي في المبهج إلماحة مهمة في قطع همزة الفعل بعد التسمية به تشير إلى قلة
المسموع منه، وأنّ قاعدة النحويين مبنيّة على شواهد قليلة، منها (إصْمِت) وأنّ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>هذا السماع «هو الذي شجّع النحاة على قطع نحو هذه
الهمزات إذا سمّي بما هي فيه»( ) يعني أنهم قاسوا عليه، وقال: «وأمّا الفعل المستقبل
المنقول إلى العلم فنحو قولهم في اسم الفلاة: (إصْمِتُ) وإنما هو أمر من قولهم صَمَتَ
يَصمِتُ؛ إذا سكت كأنّ إنساناً قال لصاحبه في مفازة: اصمِتْ يُسكِّته بذلك تَسَمُّعًا
لنبأةٍ أوجسَها، فسمّي المكان بذلك، وهذا نحو ما ذهب إليه أبو عمرو بن العلاء في قول
الهذلي( ):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>على
أَطْرِقا بالياتُ الخيا<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>مِ إلا الثُّمامُ
وإلا العِصِيُّ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ألا تراه قال: أصله أنّ رجلاً قال لصاحبيه هناك:
أَطْرِقا، فسمّي المكان به، فصار علماً له كما صار (إصْمِت) علماً له. وقطع الهمزة
من (إِصْمِت) مع التسمية به خالياً من ضميره هو الذي شجّع النحاة على قطع نحو هذه الهمزات
إذا سمّي بما هي فيه»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ثم قال: «فإن قلت: فقد قالوا لقيته بوحش إصْمِتة،
ولو كان إصْمِتُ في الأصل فعلًا لما لحقته تاء التأنيث. قيل: إنما أُلحقت هذه التاء
في هذا المثال على هذا الحد ليزيدوا في إيضاح ما انْتَحَوه من النقل، ويُعلِموا بذلك
أنه قد فارق موضعه من الفعلية من حيث كانت هذه التاء لا تلحق هذا المثال فعلاً فصارت
إصْمِتة في اللفظ بعد النقل، كإجْرِدة وإبْرِدة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> نعم،
وأَنَّسَهم بذلك تأنيثُ المسمَّى به وهو الفلاة، وزاد في ذلك أنّ إصْمِت ضارع الصفة؛
لأنّه من لفظ الفعل، وفيه معناه أعني معنى الصمت، وهو جُثّة لا حدث، وتلك حال قائمة
وكريمة، ونحو ذلك، ألا تراها من لفظ الفعل ومعناه، وهي جُثّه فضارعت إصْمِتة قائمةً
ومحسِنةً، ونحو ذلك.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> نعم،
ولو لم يكن في هذا أكثر من اطّراد التّغيير في الإعلام لكان كافيًا، فجعلوا هذا التغيير
تابعًا لما اعتزموه من العلمية فيه، وأيضًا فقد قالوا في الخَرَز المؤخّذ به: اليَنْجَلِبُ
وواحدته اليَنْجَلِبة، وينجلب يَنْفَعِل، وهذا مثالٌ مختصٌّ بالفعل، ألا تراه إنما
يُؤخَّذ به ليُجلب به الإنسان لأمر ما؟ فإذا جاز أن تلحق التاء اليَنجلب، وهو غير علم،
ويبقى على صورة فعليته فإصْمِت الذي قد تغيّر لفظه بقطع همزته ومعناه بكونه علمًا أقبلُ
للتغيير. وقد قالوا أيضًا: اليَعْمَلة وهذا مثال مختص بالفعل»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويوافقهم الصَّيمري (من علماء القرن الرابع) في التبصرة والتذكرة؛ إذ يقول: «إنْ سمّيت
بقولك: اضْرِبْ قطعتَ ألفه، ولم تصرفه في المعرفة، لوزن الفعل والتعريف...، وإن سَمّيت
بمصدر أو اسم مما فيه ألف الوصل نحو (استغفار) و(اقتدار) و(امرئ) وما أشبه ذلك لم تقطع
الألف. والفرق بين هذا والأول أنّك في الأول نقلتَ الفعل إلى الاسم، فوجب في هذا أن
يلزمه ما يلزم الاسم. وفي هذا( ) إنما نقلتَ اسمًا إلى اسم فحكمه باقٍ عليه؛ لأنّك
لم تنقله إلى غير بابه»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويقتصر ابن سيده (458هـ) في المخصص على الاسم المسمّى به، فيقول: : «كما أنّا لو سمّينا
بانطلاقٍ لم نقطع الألف؛ لأنّ انطلاقًا اسمٌ، فلمّا لم نخرجهُ عن الاسمية أجرينا عليه
لفظه الأوّل»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال ابن خروف (ت 609هـ) في المسمّى به من الأفعال: «ومن مسائل الباب أن تسمّي بـ(انطلق)
و(استخرج) فلا يصرف في المعرفة؛ لأنك سمّيت بفعل ولا نظير له في الأسماء، وتقطع الهمزة،
وكذلك إن سمّيت بشيء يكون على مثال الفعل، ولا يكون له أصل في الأسماء لم ينصرف في
التعريف أيضا»( )، ولم يذكر باب انطلاق لأن حكمه مسلّم به عنده وعند من سبقه، ومراده
بما يكون على مثال الفعل كل اسم فى أَوله زِيادة من زوائد الأَفعال يكون بها على مِثال
الفعل نحو: أحْمَد بمنزلة أعْلَمُ، وإصْبَع بمنزلة اعْلَم في الأمر، وإثْمِد بمنزلة
اضْرِب( ) ويَزِيد بمنزلة يَجْلِس وتَغْلِب بمنزلة تَعْرِف، ويَشْكُر بمنزلة يَنْصُر،
ونحو ذلك( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويقول ابن يعيش (ت 643هـ) في حديثه عن (إصْمِت): «وأمّا الأمر، فنحو قولهم في الفَلاة:
إِصْمتُ، وإِصْمِتَةُ. قال الشاعر:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>أَشْلَى
سَلُوقِيَّةً باتَتْ وباتَ بها<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بوَحْشِ
إِصْمِتَ في أصْلابِها أَوَدُ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإِصْمِتُ:
فلاةٌ بعينها، كأنّه في الأصل فِعلُ أمرٍ من صَمَتَ يَصْمُت إذا سكت، كأنّ إنسانًا
قال لصاحبه اصْمِتْ، يُسْكِته ليسمع حِسَّا؛ أو يكون في فَلاةٍ يُسْكِتُ المرءُ فيها
صاحبَه خَوفًا، فسُمّي المكان بالفعل خاليّا من الضمير، ولذلك أعربه، ولم يصرفه للتعريف
والتأنيث. والمسموعُ في مضارع صَمَتَ: يَصْمُتُ، بالضمّ؛ والكسرُ هنا إمّا أن يكون
لغة، أو من تغيير الأسماء، كما قُطَعت الهمزة في التسمية. وذلك أنّ همزة الوصل إنّما
حقُّها الدخولُ على الأفعال، وعلى الأسماء الجارية على تلك الأفعال؛ نحو: انطلق انطلاقًا،
واقتدر اقتدارًا. فأمّا الأسماء التي ليست بجارية على أفعالها فألفُ الوصل غيرُ داخلة
عليها، إنّما دخلت على أسماء قليلة، نحو: ابْنٍ، وابْنَةٍ، واثْنَيْنِ، واثنَتَيْنِ،
وامْرِئٍ، وامْرأَةٍ، واسْم، واسْتٍ، وليس هذا منها؛ وإذا نُقل الفعل إلى الاسم، لزمته
أحكامُ الأسماء، فقُطعت الألف لذلك»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويشير ابن عصفور (ت 669هـ) إلى قطع همزة الفعل المسمّى به، وبقاء همزة المصدر موصولة،
ويذكر نقلا عن أبي العبّاس المبرد: «أَنَّ نزالِ إِذا سُمّي بها ليس فيها إلاّ البناء.
واستدلّ على ذلك بأنّه يبقى على ما كان عليه من البناء؛ لأنّه نُقِلَ من اسم إلى اسم،
كما أنّك إذا سمّيت بانطلاق( ) لا تقطع الهمزة، لأنّك نقلته إلى بابه، ولو كان المسمى
به فعلاً قطعتَ همزته؛ لأنّه قد خرج عن بابه»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويتناول شيخ النحو في زمانه ابن مالك (ت 672هـ) المسألة ويوجز الحكم والعلة في كتابه
شرح الكافية الشافية، فيقول: «وإذا سُمّي بما أوّله همزة وصل قطعت الهمزة إن كانت في
منقول من فعل، وإلا استُصحِب وصلُها. فيقال في (اعْلَمْ) إذا سمي به: (هذا إعْلَمُ)
و(رأيتُ إعْلَمَ). ويقال في (اخْرُجْ) إذا سمي به: (هذا أُخْرُجُ) ويقال في المسمّى
بـ(اقترابٍ) و(اعتلاءٍ): (هذا اقترابٌ)، و(رأيت اقترابًا) و(هذا اعتلاءٌ) و(رأيت اعتلاءً)؛
لأنه منقولٌ من اسميّة إلى اسميّة، فلم يتطرّق إليه تغيير أكثر من التعيين بعد الشياع.
بخلاف المنقول من الفعلية إلى الاسمية، فإن التسمية أحدثت فيه مع التعيين ما لم يكن
فيه من إعراب، وغيره من أحوال الأسماء، فرجع به إلى قياس الهمز في الأسماء، وهو القطع»(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
في التسهيل في (باب التسمية بلفظ كائنٍ ما كان) في عبارة وجيزة وهي قوله: «وتقطع همزة
الوصل إن كان ما هي فيه فعلا»( )، وخرج بالفعل الاسم، فلو سمّيت بانطلاق لم تقطع همزته،
وبسط شرّاح التسهيل كأبي حيان وابن عقيل وناظر الجيش هذه العبارة الوجيزة في شروحهم
لكتاب التسهيل، كما سيأتي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأنكر
في شرح التسهيل أن يكون إصمت منقولا من الفعل، قال في شرح التسهيل: «ولم يرد عن العرب
علمٌ منقول من مبتدأ وخبر، ولا منقول من فعل أمر دون إسناد إلا إصْمِت اسما للفلاة
الخالية، فإنّ من العلماء من زعم أنه منقول عن الأمر بالصمت، وذلك عندي غير صحيح لوجهين:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b> </b><b>أحدهما:</b> أنّ الأمر بالصّمت إما أن يكون من: أصْمَتَ،
وإما أن يكون من: صَمَتَ، فالذي من أصْمَتَ مفتوح الهمزة، والذي من صَمَتَ مضمومها
ومضموم الميم، وإصْمِت بخلاف ذلك والمنقول لا يُغيَّر. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">والثاني:
أنه قد قيل: إصْمِتة، بهاء التأنيث، ولو كان فعل أمر لم تلحقه هاء التأنيث.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإذا
انتقى كونه منقولا من فعل أمر، ولم يثبت له استعمال في غير العلمية، تعين كونه مرتجلا»(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ورد
عليه أبو حيّان في شرح التسهيل( )، معتمدًا تأويل ابن جني الذي ذكرته في الفقرة ذات
الرقم 11.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويرى الرضي (ت 686هـ) في شرح الكافية رأي الجماعة، ويقول: «إذا سميت بفعل فيه همزة
وصل قطعتها كقولك: بوحش (إصْمِتَ)، وأما إن سميت باسم فيه همزة الوصل كـ(ابن) و(اسم)
أبقيتها على حالها، لعدم نقل الكلمة من قبيل إلى قبيل»( ) ويذكر العلة بقوله: «لأنّ
همزة الوصل في الأسماء الصِّرْفة قليل، وإنّما تكون في الفعل والاسم الجاري مجراه،
أعني المصدر»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويوافقهم بدر الدين بن الناظم (ت 686هـ) ويقول في شرح الألفية: «ومتى سميت بفعل أوّله
همزة وصل قطعتها في التسمية، بخلاف ما إذا سميت باسم أوله همزة وصل، نحو: (اغتراب واقتراب
واعتلاء) فإنك تبقي وصلها بعد التسمية؛ لأنّ المنقول من فعل قد بَعُدَ عن أصله، فيلحق
بنظائره من الأسماء، ويحكم فيه بقطع الهمزة، كما هو القياس في الأسماء، والمنقول من
اسم لم يبعد عن أصله، فلم يستحق الخروج عما حوله، ولا يعتبر مع العلميّة وزن الفعل
حتى يكون خاصًّا به أو غالبًا فيه»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ومن النصوص المهمة نصٌّ لأبي حيّان الأندلسي (ت 745 هـ) ورد في التذييل والتكميل، إذ
يظهر فيه رأيٌ جديد مخالف لعامّة النحويين، في المنقول من الأسماء كانطلاق، وهو رأي
ابن الطراوة الأندلسي (ت 528هـ)، ولم أذكره في التسلسل الزمني رغبة في إفراده بالحديث
بعد الفراغ من رأي الجمهور، قال أبو حيان: «وقوله: إن كان ما هي فيه وهو اسم، ولم يخرج
عن التسمية في الحالتين حال التسمية، وقبل ذلك وقد أشرنا إلى طرف من هذا [في باب](
) ما لا ينصرف. وزعم ابن الطراوة أنك إذا سمّيت بانطلاق قطعت الهمزة؛ لأنها إنما كانت
وصلا بالجريان على الفعل، وهذا عَلَمٌ فيه قطع، لأن هذا باب آخر»( ). وردّ عليه أبو
حيّان وسيأتي في (ب) عند الحدث عن رأي ابن الطراوة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال الحسن بن قاسم المرادي (ت 749هـ) في شرح التسهيل: «إذا سمّيتَ بنحو: انطلق، قلت:
(إنْطَلَقُ) بقطع الهمزة، لقلّة ما جاء من الأسماء بهمزة الوصل، فلا يقاس عليه، ويدلّ
على ذلك قولهم: إصْمِت –بقطع الهمزة- وهو منقول من فعل الأمر، فإن كان ما هي فيه اسمًا،
نحو: انطلاق لم تقطع همزته؛ لأنها تثبت وهو اسم»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال ابن هشام (ت 761ه) في مغني اللبيب، وهو يتحدّث عن الإخبار عن مسمى الفعل باعتبار
لفظه: «وكذلك أخبرت عن (ضرب) باعتبار مسماه وهو (ضرب) الذي يدل على الحدث والزمان،
فهذا في أنه لفظ مسمّاه لفظ، كأسماء السور وأسماء حروف المعجم، ومن هنا قلت: حرف التعريف
(أل) فقطعت الهمزة، وذلك لأنّك لما نقلتَ اللفظ من الحرفية إلى الاسمية أجريتَ عليه
قياس همزات الأسماء، كما أنّك إذا سميتَ بـ(اضْرِبْ) قطعتَ همزته»( )، فتقول: هذا إضْرِبُ
قد جاء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال ابن عقيل (ت 769 هـ)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في المساعد: في شرحه
قول ابن مالك: «وتقطع همزة الوصل إن كان ما هي فيه فعلا: «فإذا سمّيت بانطلق قطعتَ
الهمزة؛ لأنّ ما جاء من الأسماء بهمزة الوصل قليل لا يقاس عليه؛ وخرج بالفعل الاسم،
فلو سمّيت بانطلاق لم تقطع الهمزة؛ لأنّك إنّما نقلته من الاسمية»( ) وذكر رأي ابن
الطراوة، وسيأتي في (ب).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ونقل ناظر الجيش الحلبي (ت 778هـ) في شرح التسهيل المسمى (تمهيد القواعد) كلام ابن
عصفور المتضمن أنهم حين يسمّون بـنحو (انطلاق) لا يقطعون الهمزة؛ لأنهم ينقلونه إلى
بابه، ولو كان المسمى فعلا قطعتَ الهمزة؛ لأنّه خرج عن بابه( )، وقال في نقل الفعل
عند حديثه عن (إصْمِت): «وأما قطع الهمزة فلأنّ القاعدة أنه متى سمي بفعلٍ وفيه همزة
وصل قطعت؛ لأنه بصيرورته اسمًا يصير له حكم الأسماء»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال عبد الرحمن بن علي بن صالح المَكُّودي (ت 807 هـ) في شرحه للألفية: «لا يجوز الجمع
بين حرف النداء وألْ إلا في الضرورة... ثم استثني من ذلك لفظة (الله) والجملة الاسمية
المصدّرة بأل فقال: (إلا مَعَ اللهِ ومَحْكِيّ الجُمَل) فيجوز في الاختيار (يا ألله)
بقطع الهمزة ووصلها، للزوم (أل) معه، حتى صارت كأنها من نفس الكلمة، و(يا الرجل منطلق)
إذا سمّيت به رجلا؛ لأنّ أل من جملة المسمّى به»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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ويرى بدر الدّين الدماميني (ت 827 ه ) رأيهم فيما نقله عنه ابن عرفة الدّسوقي المالكي
(ت 1230هـ) في حاشيته على المغني، وهو أنّ المسمى بفعل فيه همزة وصل تقطع همزته؛ «لأنّه
حينئذ اسم صِرف، ولا وجود لهمزة الوصل في شيء من الأسماء الصرفة إلا إذا كان من الأسماء
العشرة، وهذا ليس منها فوجب قطع همزته، فإن قلت: فيلزم إذن قطع همزة مثل (الانطلاق)
إذا سمّي به لأنه عند التسمية به غير مصدر وليس من الأسماء العشرة قلت: أبقيت فيه همزة
الوصل على حالها لعدم نقل الكلمة من قبيل إلى قبيل فاستصحب ما كان ثابتًا لها قبل التسمية
بها بخلاف (أل) وإضْرِبُ.انتهى. دماميني»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال جمال الدين علي الصنعانى (ت 837 ه) في البرود الضافية: «وكل ما أوله همزة وصل
من الأفعال إذا سمى به قُطِعَتْ همزتُهُ، بخلاف الأسماء نحو: (انطلاق) و(اقتدار»(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال أحمد الشُّمُنّي الحنفي (ت 872ه) في حاشيته على مغني اللبيب: «قوله: قياس همزات
الأسماء: يعني الأسماء الصِّرْفة، وهي التي ليست جارية مجرى الفعل، فلا يرد (الانطلاق)
و(الاقتدار) من المصادر التي همزتها همزة وصل؛ لأنها ليست بأسماء صِرفة بهذا المعنى.
(قوله: كما أنك إذا سمّيت باضرب قطعت همزته) في الشرح؛ لأنه حينئذ اسم صرف ولا وجود
لهمزة الوصل في شيء من الأسماء الصرفة إلا إذا كان من الأسماء العشرة، فإن قلت: فيلزم
إذن قطع همزة (الانطلاق) إذا سمي به؛ لأنه عند التسمية به غير مصدر، وليس من الأسماء
العشرة قلت: أُبقيت فيه همزة الوصل على حالها لعدم نقل الكلمة من قبيل إلى قبيل فاستصحب
ما كان ثابتا قبل التسمية بها بخلاف مثل أل وإضرب»( )، وهو ينقل من كلام الدماميني.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال خالد الأزهريّ (ت 905 هـ) في التصريح: «وحكم همزة الوصل في الفعل المسمى به القطع؛
لأن المنقول من فعل بَعُدَ عن أصله، فالتحق بنظائره من الأسماء، فحكم فيه بقطع الهمزة،
بخلاف المنقول من اسم كـ(اقتدار) فإن الهمزة تبقى على وصلها بعد التسمية؛ لأنّ المنقول
من اسم لم يبعد عن أصله، فلم يستحقّ الخروج عمّا هو له»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وقال السيوطي (911 هـ) في الهمع: «فإذا سَمّيتَ بنحوِ (انْطلِق) قلت: (إنطلقُ) بقطع
الهمزة؛ لقلَّة ما جاءَ من الأسماء بهمزة الوصل، فلا يُقاس عليه، بخلافها في الاسم،
نحو (انطلاق) فلا تُقطع؛ لأنّها ثبتتْ فيه، وهو اسم لم يخرج عن الاسمية»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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وفي العصر الحديث نرى نحويين وباحثين يتناولون همزة المسمّى به، وينهجون فيها نهج الجمهور،
كابن حمدون المرداسي السلمي الفاسي، المتوفى سنة 1316هـ في حاشيته على شرح المكودي،
وله كلمة واضحة في نوع همزة الجملة المحكية، وهي قوله: «قول المكُّودي: (ويا الرجل
منطلق) يتعيّن بقاء الألف على وصلها، ولا يجوز قطعها، محافظة على الأصل، خلاف ما في
الأزهري من أنها همزة قطع»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 32-
ومصطفى الغلاييني في (جامع الدروس العربية)( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt;">33-
وسعيد الأفغاني في (الموجز في قواعد اللغة العربية)( ).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 34-
والدكتور محمود فجّال في (القلائد الذهبية في قواعد الإلفية)( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 35-
والدكتور سليمان بن إبراهيم العايد في (أثر التسمية في بنية الكلمة وموضع إعرابها)(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 36-
وسعيد بنعياد في (همسات الأعلام في همزات الأعلام) وهو مقال منشوار في بعض المواقع
الشبكية، سرد فيه جملة طيبة من نصوص العلماء( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>37- وأحمد إسحاق في (القول الفصل في قطع همزة العلم
المنقول المبدوء بهمزة الوصل) وهو مقال وجيز أتى فيه على بعض من أقوال النحويين في
هذه المسألة، واتّصف بالإيجاز وعدم الشمول( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 38-
والدكتور سليمان العيوني في إحدى فتاواه اللغوية، وفيها جوابُ سؤالٍ عن همزة يوم الاثنين
عند التسمية بها، وذكر أنها همزة وصل، وهي في صفحة واحدة( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 39-
وهناك بعض التعليقات والردود في بعض المواقع الإلكترونية، كالألوكة والفصيح وملتقى
أهل الحديث، وهي حوارات ونقاشات قصيرة جدا، لرواد تلك المنتديات ومنهم الدكتور إبراهيم
الشمسان وأبو مالك العوضي، ومنها موضوع حواري بعنوان: (أيهما أصح: يوم الاثنين بهمزة
وصل أو يوم الإثنين بهمزة قطع( )؟! وفيه نقاشات خفيفة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نعم،
وهناك من يخالف الجمهور، وسيأتي الحديث عنهم في المبحث الثاني.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> همزة
يوم الاثنين: </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> الاثنين
من الأسماء العشرة المحفوظة التي جاءت همزتها موصولة، وهي اسْمٌ وابْنٌ وابْنةٌ واثنانِ
واثنتانِ وامْرُؤٌ وامْرأةٌ واسْتٌ وايمُنُ اللهِ وايْمُ الله، وهي داخلة جميعًا في
الحكم لهذا النوع المذكور في المبحث الأول، وهو بقاؤها على أصلها موصولة، بعد التسمية، للعلة
أو العلل المذكورة، وإنما أفردت (يوم الاثنين) بالعنوان والحديث لكثرة الوهم فيه على
ما حكاه الحريري، وسيأتي، وما رأيناه في كتب بعض النحويين المتأخرين، كما سيأتي، ولا
حجّة في مجيئها مقطوعة في بعض الشعر مسمًّى بها أو غير مسمًّى بها، لمجيها فيه –أيضا-
موصولة؛ ولأن الشعر في القطع والوصل باب ضرورة، ومما تناقلوه في قطع غير المسمّى بها،
أي العدد، قولُ قيس بن الخطيم( ):<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>إذا
جاوَزَ الإثْنَيْنِ سِرٌّ فإنّه<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بِنَثٍّ
وتَكْثيرِ الوُشاةِ قَمِينُ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقول
عمر بن أبي ربيعة( ): <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>السِّرُّ
يَكْتُمُهُ الإثْنانِ بينَهما<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وكُلُّ سِرٍّ
عَدا الإثْنِينِ مُنْتَشِرُ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> فهمزة
الاثنين في البيتين مقطوعة لضرورة الوزن، وهي فيهما عددٌ وليست اسمًا، ولا خلاف في
وصلها، وذكرتها هنا دفعا للالتباس والتنبيه على حكمها في حال العدد وأن قطعها لا يكون
إلا لضرورة الشعر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وإذا
سمي بالاثنين في قولهم في أيام الأسبوع: (يوم الاثنين) أو (الاثنين) بقيت الهمزة موصولة
–أيضا- على حالها قبل التسمية، كما أشرت آنفا، وقد ورد (يوم الاثنين) في أساليب العلماء
ونصوصهم، موصولَ الهمزة، وقد نقل سيبويه عن العرب سماعًا في عَلَميّته، وكيف نطقوا
الهمزة الموصولة فقال: «فمثل ذلك قول العرب: هذا يومُ اثنينِ مباركاً فيه، وأتيتك يومَ
اثنين مباركًا فيه. جعل اثنين اسمًا له معرفةً، كما تجعله اسمًا لرجل»( )، وعلّق أ.
د. محمود فجال على هذا النص بقوله: «كلمة يوم اثنين ضُبطت في الكتاب من دون وضع قطعة
على همزتها، وسارت على ذلك المعاجم كالصحاح<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>واللسان والمصباح وغيرها، وقال عبدالسلام هارون في مقدمة تحقيقه للكتاب( ) مخطوطات
كتاب سيبويه لقيت عناية شديدة في بلاد مختلفة، بل ضُبطت ضبطًا يشهد شهادة قاطعة بالاحترام
الذي لقيته في كل مكان من صفوة ممتازة من رجال العلم»( ). وجاء هذا القول «هذا يومُ
اثنينِ مباركًا فيه، وجئتك يومَ اثنينِ مباركًا فيه» في كتاب الشعر لأبي علي الفارسي(
)، وكتبه محقّقه أ. د. محمود الطناحي بهمزة وصل، وهو من المحققين الأثبات. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وكان
أبو زياد الأعرابي –فيما يرويه اللحياني- يقول: مضى الاثنان بما فيه، ومضى الثُّلاثاء
بما فيه، فيوحّد، ويذكّر، ويُعرب إعراب المثنى، ويصل الهمزة. وكذلك كان أبُو الجَرَّاحِ
يقول: مَضَى الاثنانِ بما فيهما، ومَضَى الثلاثاءُ بما فيهنَّ، ومَضَى الأربعاءُ بما
فيهنَّ، ومضَي الخَميسُ بما فيهنَّ، فيجمعُ ويُؤَنِّثُ، يُخرج ذلك مُخْرَجَ العَدَد(
).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
الفيومي في المصباح المنير: «الاثنانِ في العَدَد ويَوْمُ الاثْنَيْنِ هَمْزَتُهُ وَصْلٌ»(
)، وجاء (يوم الاثنين) موصولَ الهمزة في بعض الشواهد الشعرية، كقول حسان( ): <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>بأَبِي
وأُمِّي مَنْ شَهِدْتُ وَفاتَهُ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>في يَومِ
الاثنينِ النَّبيُّ المُهْتَدِي</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
أبو صخر الهذلي( ):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>أرائِحٌ
أنتَ يَوْمَ اثنينِ أم غادي<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ولم تُسَلِّمْ
على رَيْحانةِ الوادِي</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ولم
يذكر أحدٌ من المتقدّمين أنّ همزة (يوم الاثنين) همزة قطع، بل المذكور خلافه، فإنْ
وقع لهم القطع في غير الشعر فهو لحن، قال الحريري: «من جلة أوهامهم أَنهم إِذا ألْحقُوا
لام التَّعْربف بالأسماء الّتي أولها ألف وصل نحو ابن وابْنَة واثنين سكّنوا لام التَّعريف،
وقَطعُوا ألف الوَصْل احتجاجًا بقول قيس بن الخطيم:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>إذا
جاوَزَ الإِثْنَينِ سِرُّ فإنّهُ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بنَثٍّ
وتَكْثِيرِ الوُشاةِ قَمِينِ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> والصَّواب
في ذلك أَن تسْقط همزَة الوَصل وتكسر لام التَّعريف، والعلَّة فيه أنه لما دخل لام
التَّعرِيف على هذه الأَسماء صارت همزَة الوَصل حَشوًا، والتقى في الكلمة ساكنان: لام
التّعرِيف والحرف السَّاكِن الذي بعد همزَة الوصل، فلهذا وجب كسر لام التّعرِيف فأما
البيت المستشهد به فمحمُول على ضَرُورَة الشّعْر»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> و(اثنانِ)
أو (الاثنينِ) أختُ (امْرئ) و(امْرأة) و(ابن) و(اسم) في حكم الهمزة، ولسيبويه نص صريح
بأنّ همزة (امرئ) تظل موصولة بعد التسمية، قال: «فإذا سمَّيت بـ (امرئٍ) رجلاً تركته
على حاله، لأنَّك نقلته من اسم إلى اسم»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
الأخفش-كما تقدّم-: «فإن سمّيت بـ(ابن) أو (امرأة) وصلت الألف؛ لأنك تنقل اسما إلى
اسم فتتركه على حاله موصولا»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
الزجاج في المسمى بـ (ابن): «وإذا سمّيت رجلا (ابنٌ) وصلتَ ألفه أيضًا، فقلت: هذا ابنٌ
قد جاء»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
أبو علي الفارسي: «إذا سمّيت رجلا بـ (اسْمٍ) أو (ابْنٍ) أو بشيء مما أوله ألف الوصل
تركته على حاله، ولم تقطعه؛ لأنك نقلته من اسم إلى اسم، فوجب أن تتركه على ما كان عليه.
ولا يشبه هذا (ذا) ذلك أنك إذا سمّيت ذا قلت: (ذاءٌ) كما ترى، فلما كان (ذا) إذا سمّيت
به زال معنى الإشارة التي أوجبت له البناء وجب أن تغيّره، وليس ها هنا يجب أن تغير
كما وجب في ذلك»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
السيرافي: «وإن سُمّي رجلٌ بـ(امرئ) لم يغير عن حاله في ألف الوصل والصرف. تقول: مررتُ
بامْرِئ، وهذا امْرُؤٌ، ورأيت امْرَأً. فأما ألف الوصل فلأنه اسمٌ سُمّي به، فلم يُنقل
عن الاسميّة»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ويرى
الرُّمّاني رأي الجماعة في حكم همزة الوصل في الأسماء العشرة عند التسمية بها، وهو
بقاؤها موصولة على أصلها، وقال: «حكم (امرئ) في التسمية أن يُترك على حاله في ثلاثة
أشياء: ألف الوصل، والصرف، والإتباع؛ لأنه نُقِل من اسم إلى اسم، فتقول بعد التسمية
هذا امْرُؤٌ ورأيتُ امْرَأً ومررتُ بامْرِئٍ، على ما كان قبلُ»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ومن
أسماء العرب الشهيرة (امرؤ القيس) وهي لجمع من أعلامهم وشعرائهم، ومن أشهر من سمّي
به امرؤ القيس بن حجر الكندى، الشاعر الجاهلي الأشهر، وهمزته همزة وصل.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وليس
ثمة فرقٌ في حكم الهمزة في التسمية بين (اثنين) و(امرئ) و(ابن)، فهنّ من بابةٍ واحدة،
وإذا انضاف إلى هذا السماعُ وإجماعُ العلماء المتقدّمين فيه أمكن الجزم بأنّ همزة
(يوم الاثنين) همزة وصل، ولا يصحّ قطعها إلا في ضرورة الشعر. ومع ذلك نرى رأيًا لبعض
عصريينا في همزة (يوم الاثنين) يخالف الجمهور، ونرى في كتب بعض الإملاء أو النحو نصّهم
على أنّ همزة (يوم الاثنين) همزة قطع، ويزعمون أنه يجب كتابتها مقطوعة (يوم الإثنين)
وممن قال بذلك: نصر الهوريني في المطالع النصرية( )، حسين والي في كتاب الإملاء( )،
وعباس حسن في النحو الوافي( )، وهم واهمون كما سيأتي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> إجمال
العِلل التي جاءت في كلام الجمهور:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يلاحظ
في أقوال النّحويّين في هذه المسألة أنهم يعوّلون على العلة ويركنون إليها كثيرًا،
مع أنهم أشاروا إلى سماعات قليلة كـ(إصْمِت) و(إستبرق) عند القائلين بعربيتها، وأوجز
عِللهم فيما يأتي:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">علل
قطع همزة الفعل المسمّى به مستخرجة من نصوصهم المنقولة:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّ الفعل خرج عن بابه، فلزمه أحكام ما خرج
إليه، إذ كان ذلك أحقَّ به من هذا الوجه<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنك نقلتَ الأفعال إلى الأسماء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأن المنقول من فعل بَعُدَ عن أصله، فالتحق بنظائره
من الأسماء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنك قد غيِّرتها عن تلك الحال.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأن حاله بعد التسميه لا تشبه حاله قبل التسميه؛
إذ قد أخرجه النقل إلى ما هو بمنزلة الجنس، الذي يباعده من الجنس الأول فلزمه أحكام
ما خرج إليه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأن التسمية أحدثت فيه مع التعيين ما لم يكن
فيه من إعراب، وغيره من أحوال الأسماء، فرُجع إلى قياس الهمزة في الأسماء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّ همزة الوصل في الأسماء الصِّرْفة قليل،
وإنّما تكون في الفعل والاسم الجاري مجراه، أعني المصدر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّ المنقول من فعل قد بَعُدَ عن أصله، فيلحق
بنظائره من الأسماء، ويحكم فيه بقطع الهمزة، كما هو القياس في الأسماء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّه حينئذ اسم صِرف، ولا وجود لهمزة الوصل
في شيء من الأسماء الصرفة إلا إذا كان من الأسماء العشرة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّ ألف القطع تنقاس في الأسماء.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">علل
بقاء الوصل لهمزة الاسم المسمّى به مستخرجة من نصوصهم المنقولة:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنها لم تَزُلْ عن الاسمية، فكأنّها مبقاةٌ
على حالتها.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>والمنقول من اسم لم يبعد عن أصله فلم يستحق الخروج
عن بابه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لم تقطع ألف الوصل؛ لأنّ حاله بعد التسمية تشبه
حاله قبل التسمية، إذ لم يخرجه النقل إلا إلى تسميةٍ قد كان على مثلُها قبلُ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنه منقولٌ من اسميّة إلى اسمية، فلم يتطرّق
إليه تغيير أكثر من التعيين بعد الشياع. أبقيت فيه همزة الوصل على حالها لعدم نقل الكلمة
من قبيل إلى قبيل فاستصحب ما كان ثابتًا لها قبل التسمية بها.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنه لم يبعد عن أصله، ولا يعتبر مع العلميّة
وزن الفعل حتى يكون خاصًّا به أو غالبًا فيه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنك نقلته من اسم إلى اسم، فوجب أنْ تتركه على
ما كان عليه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنه لم يخرج عن بابه فاستصحب ما كان له قبل
التسمية.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّ المنقول من اسم لم يبعد عن أصله، فلم يستحقّ
الخروج عمّا هو له.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّها ثبتتْ فيه، وهو اسم لم يخرج عن الاسمية.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لأنّك لم تنقله إلى غير بابه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لعدم نقل الكلمة من قبيل إلى قبيل.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> -<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لم يخرج عن الاسمية فأجري عليه لفظه الأوّل.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ويُلاحظ
أنّ هذه العلل التي وردت في نصوصهم متقاربة ومتداخلة، وقد يغني بعضها عن بعض، ولكنني
سردتها لإطلاع القارئ الكريم على عباراتهم وطرقهم في التعليل.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> ب-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>رأي ابن الطَّراوة النحوي:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ظهر
في القرن السادس رأيٌ في مسألة همزة الاسم المسمّى به مخالفٌ للجمهور، منسوب لابن الطَّراوة،
وهو أبو الحسين سليمان بن محمد بن عبد الله السبئيّ المالقي المعروف بـابن الطراوة
(ت 528هـ) تلميذ الأعلم الشنتمريّ (ت 476هـ)، وهو صاحب رأي، وذكروا أنّ بعض آرائه امتازت
بالجدَّة والجُرأة والاستقلال( )، ومنها رأيه في قطع همزة الاسم بعد نقله إلى العلمية،
ويبدو أنّ المشارقة عَرَفوا هذا الرأي المخالف عن طريق أبي حيّان الأندلسي، أي بعد
وفاة ابن الطراوة بأكثر من قرنين، قال أبو حيّان في شرح التسهيل: «وزعم ابن الطَّراوة
أنك إذا سمّيت بـ(انطلاق) قطعت الهمزة؛ لأنها إنما كانت وصلا بالجريان على الفعل، وهذا
علم فيه قطع؛ لأنّ هذا باب آخر»( )، ثم قال أبو حيّان: «ورُدّ عليه بأنّ العرب إذا
سمّت بما كان اعتلالا بالجريان على الفعل أبقت ذلك الإعلال، يدل على ذلك غِياث ونحوه
إنما اعتلّ بالحمل على غاث، وهم قد قالوا: غِياث بن غوث، وحُمَة( ) وهِبَة إنما حذفت
واوه بالحمل على فِعْلِه، ونعم قد قالوا (هبة الله) في اسم الرجل، فسيبويه ينسج على
منوالهم»( )، يريد أنهم لم يقولوا (وَهْب الله) بردّه إلى أصله بعد نقله إلى العلمية؛
لأنّ إعلال (هِبة) خاص بالجاري على الفعل، والوصل في الأسماء خاص بمصادر الفعل وكلمات
محفوظة، فبقي الوصل فيها على حاله كما بقي الإعلال في تلك الأسماء على الرغم من ابتعادها
عن الأفعال بالعلمية، فدل هذا على بقاء الوصل في تلك الأسماء بعد التسمية بها.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ويريد
بقوله في آخر كلامه<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>«فسيبويه ينسج على منوالهم»
أنّ سيبويه لا يضع الحكم على علّة يخترعها على هواه، وإنما ينسج على منوال العرب في
كلامهم، ويضع القواعد الموافقة لما يسمع منهم أو ينقل عنهم. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثم
رواه المرادي، وقال: «... وخالف ابنُ الطراوة، فقال: تقطع الهمزة في: إنطلاق»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ونفله
ابن عقيل في المساعد، وقال: «وقال ابن الطّراوة: تقطع؛ لأن همزة الوصل إنما كانت في
حين كان جاريا على الفعل، وقد خرج عن ذلك بالعلمية، ورُدّ بأن العرب لم تراع ذلك، بدليل
(هِبة الله) علما»( ). وواضح أنه ينقل عن أبي حيّان.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ورواه السيوطي في الهمع، في قوله: «فإذا سَمّيتَ
بنحوِ (انْطلِقْ) قلت: (إنطلقُ) بقطع الهمزة؛ لقلَّة ما جاءَ من الأسماء بهمزة الوصل،
فلا يُقاس عليه، بخلافها في الاسم، نحو (انطلاق) فلا تُقطع؛ لأنّها ثبتتْ فيه، وهو
اسم لم يخرج عن الاسمية، قيل أَو اسم –أَيْضا- وعليه ابن الطراوة، فقال تقطع الهمزة
في انطلاق»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وبَنَى
ابن الطراوة رأيه – كما جاء في نصّي أبي حيّان وابن عقيل- على علّة نظرية، وهي خروج
المصدر عن الجريان على الفعل إلى باب العلمية، قال: «لأنها إنما كانت وصلا بالجريان
على الفعل، وهذا عَلَمٌ فيه قطع؛ لأنّ هذا باب آخر»( )، ولكنه لم
يذكر شاهدًا من كلام العرب يؤيّد رأيه، ولم أجد مَنْ يؤيّده من النحويين المتقدمين،
ويكفي للرد عليه ما ذكره أبو حيان، وما أشرتُ إليه عَقِيبه.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ولا
نعلم مصدرَ هذا الرأي في مصنّفاته، فأغلبها مفقود، ولا نكاد نعلم عنها إلا أسماءها
وما يُنقل عنها، وهذا يكفي لتوثيق رأيه في هذه المسألة، لوروده عن علماء ثقات كأبي
حيّان وابن عقيل والسيوطي. ومن مصنفات ابن الطرواوة: مقالة في الاسم والمسمى، والترشيح،
ورد الشارد إلى عقال الناشد، والمقدّمات إلى علم الكتاب، وشرح المشكلات من أبواب كتاب
سيبويه، وله رسالة بعنوان: (الإفصاح ببعض ما جاء من الخطأ في الإيضاح) وهي الأثر الوحيد
الذي سَلِمَ من عاديات الزمن من آثاره، حقّقها الدكتور حاتم الضامن( )، ثم حققها الدكتور
عيّاد الثبيتي، وطالعتها فلم أجد فيها شيئًا في هذه المسألة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وهناك أبحاث عن ابن الطراوة، ومن أبرزها: (أبو الحسين
ابن الطّراوة وآراؤه في النّحو والصّرف) للدكتور محمد إبراهيم البنا( ). و(ابن الطراوة
النحوي) للدكتور عَيّاد الثبيتي( )، وبحث بعنوان (أبو الحسين ابن الطراوة وآراؤه في
النحو والصرف) للدكتور مزيد إسماعيل نعيم وروفائيل مرجان( )، ولكن هذه الدراسات الثلاث
لم تتناول المسألة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> ثانيا:
همزة الوصل في الجملة المحكية:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> يجوز
التَّسمية بالجمل، ولا تجوز فيها إلا الحكاية( )، فمن الحكاية أَن تسمى رجلا أَو امْرَأَة
بشيء قد عمل بعضه في بعض، كتسميتهم بـ (تأبّطَ شرًّا) و(ذَرَّى حَبًّا) و(بَرَقَ نَحرُّه)
(وشابَ قَرْناها) قال الشاعر( ):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>كَذبْتُمْ
وبَيتِ اللهِ لَا تَنكِحُونها<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>بَنِي شابَ
قَرْناها تَصُرُّ وتَحْلُبُ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فما
كانَ من ذلك فإنّ إعرابه يبقى ثابتًا في الحكاية في كل الأحوال؛ لأنّه قد عَمِلَ بعضُه
فِي بعضٍ، فينقل بعمله وأثره. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ولا
تخلو الجملة المحكية المسمى بها مما في صدرها همزة وصلٍ من أحد أمرين: إما أن تكون
جملة اسمية نحو (المنطلقُ زيدٌ)، و(الرجلٌ منطلق) أو تكون جملة فعلية، مكونه في أصلها
من فعل ماض مثل (استقبل الرجلُ القبلة) و(انطلق زيدٌ) أو من فعل أمر نحو (اضْرِب) و(انْصُرْ)
إذا نويت فيه الضمير، والتقدير: اضربْ أنت، وانصُر أنت. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وحكم
ذلك كله أن تبقى همزته همزة وصل على حالها، فتقول: (هذا المنطلقُ زيدٌ) و(رأيت المنطلقُ
زيدٌ) و(مررت بالمنطلقُ زيدٌ) تحكيها كما كانت قبل التسمية، وتُبقي الهمزةَ موصولة
ولا تقطعها، وتعامل ما يُنوَى فيه الضمير معاملة الجملة؛ أي: تحكيه على لفظه، فتقول
في رجل سمّيته (اضْرِبْ): (هذا اضْرِبْ) و(رأيت اضْرِبْ) و(مررت باضْرِبْ) تحكيه بهمزة
وصله( )؛ لأنك أضمرت فيه ضمير الفاعل، والتقدير: اضرب أنت، فحكمه حكم الجملة. قال الزجّاج:
«وإذا سميت رجلا (اضربْ) الذي فيه ضمير تركتَ ألفه موصولة ووقفت آخره في الرفع والنصب
والجر- وكذلك كل كلام عمل بعضه في بعض- تقول: هذا اضربْ قد جاء تلفظ بالضاد بعد الدال
-سقطت ألف اضربْ للوصل وسقطت ألف هذا لسكون الضاد وبقي موقوفا- لأنه قدر مع المضمر،
كأنك قلت: اضربْ أنت»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> هذا
مذهب الجماعة، وهو موافق لكلام العرب، وعلى من يخالفه أنْ يأتيَ بحجّة من سماعٍ أو
قياس.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> المبحث الثاني: حكم همزة الوصل مع (يا) النداء</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> من
تمام المسألة بحثُ حكم همزة الوصل مع (يا) النداء، سواء سمّي بها أم لا، فأقول: لا
يخلو ما ينادى وفيه (أل) من أحد أمرين: إما أن يكون مف</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ردًا أو جملةً، وفيما يأتي بيان
الوجهين وحكم همزة الوصل فيهما:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أولا:
المفرد المنادى مما فيه أل التعريف:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>يرى
البصريون أنّ المحلّى بأل لا ينادى بـ (يا) دون فاصل بينهما بـ(أيّ)( ) أو اسم الإشارة(
)، فلا يقال: يا الرجل ويا الغلام ويا الإنسان( )، بل يتوصّل إلى ندائه بأيّ، فيقال:
يا أيها الرجل، ويا أيها الغلام، وفي التنزيل: (يا أيُّها الناسُ اتّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ)
[النساء 1] (يا أيّها الإنسانُ)[الانفطار 6] و(يا أيُّها النبيُّ اتّقِ اللهَ)[الأحزاب
1] و(قُلْ يا أيُّها الكافرون)[الكافرون 1] و(يا أيُّها السَّاحِرُ)[الزخرف 49] وقال
ذو الرُّمّة( ):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ألا
أيُّها الرَّسْمُ الذي غيّرَ البِلَى<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>كأنّك
لم يَعْهَدْ بك الحَيَّ عاهِدُ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أو
باسم إشارة نحو: يا هذا الرجلُ، ويا ذاك الغلامُ، أو بهما معا: يا أيهذا الرجلُ( )،
أو تُحذف الألفٌ واللامُ فتقول: يا رجلُ ويا غلام ويا إنسان، ونحو هذا، ولو سَمّيتَ
رجلا بالحارث والعَبّاس، لم يجز إدخال (يا) عليهما( )؛ لأنّ الألف واللَّام ليستا فيه
عوضًا من حرف كما في لفظ الجلالة الله( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> قال
سيبويه: «واعلم أنه لا يجوز لك أن تنادى اسمًا فيه الألف واللام البتّة؛ إلا أنهم قد
قالوا: يا الله اغفِر لنا، وذلك من قبل أنه اسمٌ يلزمه الألف واللام لا يفارقانه»(
)، وقال ابن الحاجب: «لا يصحّ إدخال الألف واللام على المنادى، فلا يقال: يا الرجل»(
)، قالوا: لأنّ (ألْ) وحرف النداء لا يجتمعان( )؛ لأنه إذا قال: يا رجل، فمعناه، كمعنى
يأيها الرجل، فصار معرفة، لأنك أشرت إليه، وقصدت قصده، واكتفيت بهذا عن الألف واللام،
وصار كالأسماء التي هي للإشارة( )، إلا في لفظ الجلالة، لأنهم «لما أرادوا نداء ما
فيه لام المعرفة، ولم يمكنهم أن يباشروه بــ (يا) لما فيها من التعريف والإشارة؛ توصلوا
إلى ندائه بإدخال أي بينهما، فقالوا: يا أيها الرجل؛ فالمقصود بالنداء هو الرجل، و(أي)
وِصْلة إليه»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>وذكروا
في علّة عدم الجمع بينهما ثلاثَ علل:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>الأولى:</b>
أن الألف واللام تفيد التعريف، و(يا) تفيد التعريف أيضا، فلم يجمعوا بين علامتي تعريف
في كلمة واحدة( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b> والثانية</b>:
أنّ الغالب أنّ تعريف الألف واللام يكون لتعريف المعهود، والمنادى مخاطب، فهو حاضر،
فهما مختلفان في المعنى( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b> والثالثة</b>:
أنّ المنادى المقرون بـ(أل) إما أنْ يُبنى وإمّا أنْ يُعرب، وكلاهما مُشكل، أمّا البناء
فوجه إشكاله من جهتين: الأولى أنّ الألف واللام من خصائص الأسماء؛ فهي تُبعد الاسم
من شبه الحرف الذي هو علة البناء، والجهة الثانيّة أنّ الألف واللام معاقبة للتنوين،
فهي كالتنوين، فكأنّ الاسم المقترن بهما منوّن، فمن أجل ذلك استكرهوا دخول الألف واللام
مطرّدًا في المنادى المبني، وأمّا الإعراب فوجه إشكاله أنّ العلّة التي من أجلها بنوا
المنادى -وهو وقوع المنادى موقع الضمير، ومشابهته الضّمير في الإفراد والتّعريف- موجودة
في ذي الألف واللام إذا نودي، فكيف يعرب( )؟ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وذهب
الكوفيّون والبغداديّون( )، إلى أنّه يجوز نداء ما فيه الألف واللام نحو (يا الرجل)
ويا الغلام)( )، واحتجّوا بأنْ قالوا: إننا لم نرَ موضعًا يدخله التنوين يمتنع من الألف
واللام( )، واستدلّوا على جوازه بمجيئه في كلامهم، قال الشّاعر( ):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>فيا
الغُلامانِ اللّذانِ فَرّا<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>إيَّاكُما
أن تُكْسِبانِي شَرّا<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وهو
محمول عند البصريّين على الضّرورة الشّعريّة، والأصل فيه أيّها الغلامان، فحذف المنادى،
وهو (أَي) وأقام الصّفة مقامه( )، وفي هذا قال ابن مالك:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>وباضطرارٍ
خُصَّ جَمْعُ يا وأَلْ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>إلا مَعَ اللهِ ومَحْكِيِّ
الجُمَلْ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وإنّما
شأن العرب إذا أرادت نداء ما فيه الألف واللام؛ إنْ لم يُريدوا حذفهما؛ أنْ يأتوا بـ
(أي) بينهما كما تقدّم( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> والهمزة
في قولهم (يا الغلامان) و(يا الرجل) همزة وصل، على الأصل، ولا يقطع شيء من ذلك مما
فيه الألف واللام، لا في مفرد ولا جملة محكية، إلّا لفظ الجلالة (الله)، قال الرضي:
«فيقال في قطع همزته واجتماع اللام و(يا): إنّ هذا اللفظ اختص باشياء لا تجوز في غيره»(
)، ولا يقاس عليه، في السّعة، كما يأتي في المسألة الآتية.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>همزة
لفظ الجلالة: يا أللة:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>يجوز
في همزة لفظ الجلالة مع يا النداء القطع والوصل( )، فتقول: (يا الله) على الأصل، أو
(يا ألله) مخالفة للقياس، وهو الأكثر كما قال الرضي( )، وجاء السماع بهما –القطع والوصل-
وأجازهما جمهور النحويين، وفي وصل الهمزة تقول العرب فيما حكاه أبو على الفارسي: (يا
الله)( )، وفي القطع تقول العرب في الدعاء «يا ألله اغفرْ لنا»( )، وقال الشاعر(
):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>مبـاركٌ
هو ومَـنْ سَمَّاهُ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>على اسمِكَ اللهم يا
أللهُ</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وفي
وجه الجمع بين يا النداء وأل التعريف في لفظ الجلالة خاصة ذكروا ثلاث علل أو أوجه(
): <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> الوجه
الأول:</b> أنّ الألف واللام عوض عن حرف سقط من نفس الاسم، فإن أصله: (إله) فأسقطوا الهمزة
من أوّله، وجعلوا الألف واللام عوضًا منها؛ فصارا جزءًا من الكلمة فلا يستكره اجتماع
يا واللام( )، والذي يدلُّ على ذلك أنّهم جوزوا قطع الهمزة؛ ليدلّوا على أنّها قد صارت
عوضًا عن همزة القطع، فلمّا كانت عوضًا عن همزة القطع، وهي حرف من نفس الاسم، لم يمتنعوا
من أن يجمعوا بينهما.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> والوجه
الثّاني:</b> أنّه إنّما جاز في هذا الاسم خاصةً؛ لأنّه كثر في استعمالهم؛ فخفّ على ألسنتهم،
فجوزوا فيه ما لا يجوز في غيره( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b> والوجه
الثّالث:</b> أنّ هذا الاسم عَلَم غير مُشْتَقّ أُتي به على هذا المثال من البناء من غير
أصل يُرَدُّ إليه؛ فينزل منزلة سائر الأسماء الأعلام، وكما يجوز دخول حرف النّداء على
سائر الأسماء الأعلام فكذلك ههنا( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وذكروا
أنّه لا يقاس على هذه الكلمة غيرها( )، لا في جواز مباشرة يا النّداء دون وسيط ولا
في جواز قطع الهمزة، وهذا أمرٌ مهم ويفيدنا في أنّهم يمنعون قطع همزة ما فيه لام التعريف
عند النّداء مفردًا أو جملة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثانيا:
الجملة المحكيّة المناداة وحكم همزة الوصل بها:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>وسأتناوله
في فرعين أو قسمين: رأي الجمهور، ورأي بعض المتأخرين ووهمهم:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> أ:
رأي الجمهور:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> يجوز
نداء الجملة المحكية إذا سمّي بها، فِعليّةً كانت أو اسمية، ويعنيني هنا الجملة المصدّرة
بهمزة وصل، نحو: (المنطلَقُ زَيْدٌ) في رجل سُمّيَ بهذه الجملة، و(الرّجل قائمٌ) فتقول
في النداء: (يا المنطلِقُ زَيْدٌ أقبلْ) و(يا الرجلُ قائمٌ أقبلْ) لأنّ المعنى: يا
مَقولًا له المنطلَقُ زَيْدٌ، ويا مَقولًا له الرجلُ قائمٌ ( )، ويكون ذلك في الجملة
التّامّة، وتبقى لام التعريف فيه، وقاس عليه المبرّد( )، ما سُمّي به من موصول مبدوء
بالألف واللام، نحو الذي والتي، وصوّبه ابن مالك في شرح التسهيل، وقال: «وهو قياس صحيح»(
)، في الموصول وصلته، ورأي جمهور النحويين -وعلى رأسهم سيبويه- خلاف هذا، فيرون أنّه
لا ينادى رجلُ سمّيتَه (الذي جاء) لأنه بمنزلة اسم مفرد معرّف بألْ، قال سيبويه: «وإذا
سمّيتَ رجلاً: الذي رأيته والذي رأيت، لم تغيَّره عن حاله قبل أن يكون اسماً.... ولا
يجوز لك أن تناديه، كما لا يجوز لك أنْ تنادي (الضارب أبوه) إذا كان اسمًا؛ لأنَّه
بمنزلة اسمٍ واحد فيه الألف واللام، ولو سمّيته (الرجلُ منطلقٌ) جاز أن تناديه، فتقول:
(يا الرجلُ منطلقٌ) لأنك سمّيته بشيئين كلُّ واحدٍ منهما اسمٌ تامٌ»( )، وقال: «والذي
مع صلته بمنزلة اسم واحد، نحو الحارث، فلا يجوز فيه النداء، كما لا يجوز فيه قبل أن
يكون اسماً. وأما (الرَّجل منطلقٌ) فبمنزلة (تأبَّطَ شرًّا) لأنَّه لا يتغير عن حاله،
لأنه قد عمل بعضه في بعضٍ. ولو سميته (الرجل) و(الرجلان) لم يجز فيه النداء؛ لأنَّ
ذا يجري مجراه قبل أن يكون اسمًا في الجرّ والنصب والرفع»( )، فـ(الذي) وما بعده من
صلته بمنزلة اسم واحد فيه الألف واللام، كالحارث والنضر ونحوهما، وكذلك (الضارب أبوه)
فهما بمنزلة اسم واحد فيه الألف واللام، فلا يجوز فيه النداء عند سيبويه والجمهور.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> قال
الفارسي في التعليقة معقّبًا على كلام سيبويه: «حرف النداء يمتنع من الدخول على ما
فيه الألف واللام، إذا كان اسمًا مفردًا، كالعبّاس والرّجل، فأمّا إذا كان الألف واللام
في جملةٍ مسمّى بها لم يمتنع من الدّخول عليه من حيث لم يمتنع من الدّخول على سائر
الجمل التي لا ألف ولامًا فيها، ألا ترى أنّ (يا) التي للنّداء لا تلي الأفعال؟ ولو
سمّيت رجلًا بجملة من فعل وفاعل فناديته لم يمتنع حرف النّداء من الدّخول على الفعل،
وإنْ كان قبل التّسمية لا يدخل عليه، فكذلك لا يمتنع من الدّخول على الاسم الذي فيه
الألف واللام إذا كان من جملة واحدة؟ وإن كان يمتنع من الدّخول عليهما إذا كانا في
اسم مفرد من غير جملة»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ثم
قال: «العبرة فيما يُحكى من هذا الباب التركيبُ، فما كان منه مركّبًا حُكِيَ، سواء
انفصل المركّب أو لم ينفصل»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وفي
توجيه منع سيبويه نداء الموصول يقول خالد الأزهري: «فإن قلت: لمَ قال سيبويه فيمن سمي
بـ(الذي قام): إنه لا ينادى؟ مع أنه أيضًا محكيّ؛ لأنّه قد عمل بعضه في بعض، كما في
الجملة، قلت: الفرق بينهما أنّ (الذّي قام) محكيٌّ بحالته التي ثبتت له قبل التّسمية،
وهو قبلها لا ينادي لوجود (أل) وذلك لمانع باقٍ، ونحو: (المنطلقُ زيدٌ) ليس المانع
من ندائه قبل التسمية وجود (أل) بل كونه جملة. وذلك المانع قد زال بالتسمية. فإن قلت:
المانع شيئان: الجملة و(أل) فإذا زال أحدهما بقي الآخر. قلت: لو صحّ هذا امتنع نداؤه،
وأنت تسلّم بالجواز، وإذا ثبت الجواز توجّه أنّ المنادى هو المجموع، و(أل) ليست داخلة
على المجموع، بل على جزء الاسم، فأشبه ما لو سمّيت بقولك: عبدنا المنطلق»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وروى
ابن مالك في شرح التسهيل عن ابن سعدان أنه أجاز: (يا الخليفةُ جودًا) و(يا الأسدُ شدّةً)
قال: وهو أيضا قياس صحيح، لأن التقدير: يا مثل الخليفة ويا مثل الأسد، فحسن لتقدير
دخول (يا) على غير الألف واللام( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقياس
ما تقدم أنك إن سميت رجلا بجملة فعلية في أولها همزة وصل، نحو (انطلق زيد) و(اضرِبْ)
التي تنويها فيها الضمير على نحو ما تقدم فإنك تقول في النداء: (يا انطلقَ زيدٌ أقبل)
و(يا اضْرِبْ أقبل) حين تنوي الضمير، في تقدير: (يا اضربْ أنت) فلا تقطع همزة الوصل
فيهما، لأنك تحكيها بلفظها وتعطيها ما تستحقّ قبل التسمية بها، والألف واللام في أول
الجملة المحكية كالألف واللام في وسطها نحو: (يا عبدنا المنطلق زيدٌ) لا تغيّر فيها
شيئًا. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b> ب:
رأي بعض المتأخرين ووهمهم:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> رأينا
أنّ همزة الاسم المنقول من الجملة المحكيّة كـ (يا المنطقُ زيدٌ) و(يا الرجلُ قائمٌ)
ونحوهما همزةُ وصل باقية على حالها قبل النداء، وأنّ هذا مذهبُ الجماعة في المنادى
من لدن سيبويه إلى عصر ابن مالك (القرن السابع) ولم أجد من يجيز قطعَ همزةٍ موصولةٍ
في اسمٍ منادى في مفرد أو جملة غير لفظ الجلالة التي يجوز فيها الوجهان الوصل والقطع
سوى ابن الطراوة الذي يزعم أنّ همزة (انطلاق) ونحوه من المصادر تُقطع عند التسمية به،
كما تقدم، لأنّها جاريةٌ على الأفعال، كما يقول، فيلزم عنده من هذا أنها تقطع في المسمى
به في النداء –أيضا- فتقول على مذهبه: (يا إنطلاقُ) ولم يوافقه أحد من المتقدمين فيما
أعلم. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ثم
نقف على أقوال لمتأخرين تقول بقطع همزة المنادى في الجملة المحكيّة! ويبدو أنّ رأيهم
مبنيٌّ على وهم أو لبس! فمن أين جاء الوهم أو اللبس؟ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> إنّ
المتتبّع للمسألة تاريخيًّا سيظهر له أن أصل الوهم أو اللبس جاء من نصّ لخالد الأزهري
في التصريح، في قوله في المنادى من المحكيّ من الجمل: «الصورة الثانية: الجمل المحكيّة
المبدوءة بـ(أل) نحو: يا المنطلق زيد، فيمن سُمّي بذلك، نص على ذلك سيبويه وقال: لأنه
بمنزلة تأبط شرًا، لأنه لا يتغيّر عن حاله، إذ قد عمل بعضه في بعض. انتهى. ومقتضى ما
قدمناه في (أُنْصُر) قطع الهمزة»( )، وهو يشير إلى قوله قبل هذا: «وعلل سيبويه جواز
نداء الجلالة بأن (أل) لا تفارقها، وهي عوض من همزة إله، فصارت بذلك كأنها من نفس الكلمة.
انتهى. وهذا التعليل يناسب إثبات ألف الجلالة في النداء، كما أن الفعل المبدوء بهمزة
الوصل إذا سمّي به قطعت همزته: تقول: جاءني أُنْصُر وإضْرِب»( ).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> قلت:
وهذا مردود بأن الجملة وما فيه ضمير هي مما يحكى ولا تقطع همزته، وقد مرّ بنا قول الزجاج
إنّك: «إذا سميت رجلا (اضربْ) الذي فيه ضمير تركتَ ألفه موصولة ووقفت آخره في الرفع
والنصب والجر- وكذلك كلُّ كلام عمل بعضه في بعض- تقول: هذا اضربْ قد جاء تلفظ بالضاد
بعد الدال، سقطت ألف اضربْ للوصل وسقطت ألف هذا لسكون الضاد وبقي موقوفا، لأنه قدر
مع المضمر، كأنك قلت: اضربْ أنت»( ). وقول أبي علي الفارسي: «وإن سمي بشيء من ذلك وفيه
ضمير الفاعل حُكي ولم يغير، وإنما تقطع الهمزة، إذا وقعت التسمية بها مفردة»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وبهذا
يتضح أن عبارة خالد الأزهري تلك، وهو يتحدّث عن حكم الهمزة في محكيّ الجمل كـ«يا الرجلُ
منطلقٌ»، أعنى قوله «ومقتضى ما قدمناه في (أُنْصُر) قطع الهمزة» غير مناسبة ولا موفّقة،
وهي سببُ وهم الصبان ومن جاء بعده، وهي عنده –أي الأزهري- خاصة بباب النداء؛ لأنه وافق
الجمهور في غير النداء كما تقدم، فكلامه هناك صريح حين قال –كما تقدم في المبحث الأول-:
«وحكم همزة الوصل في الفعل المسمّى به القطع؛ لأنّ المنقول من فعل بعد عن أصله، فالتحق
بنظائره من الأسماء، فحكم فيه بقطع الهمزة بخلاف المنقول من اسم كــ(اقتدار) فإن الهمزة
تبقى على وصلها بعد التسمية؛ لأن المنقول من اسم لم يبعد عن أصله، فلم يستحقّ الخروج
عمّا هو له»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وتأصّل
الوهم واستقرّ لدى الصبان (محمد بن علي الصبان 1206هـ) في حاشيته على شرح الأشموني،
حيث قال: «قوله: (نحو: يا ألمنطلق زيد) بقطع الهمزة؛ لأن المبدوء بهمزة الوصل فعلًا
أو غيره إذا سُمّي به يجب قطع همزته كما أفاده في التصريح»( ). وهذا حكم صريح، مخالف
للجمهور، والظاهر أنه يريد به حكمها في النداء خاصّة، لقوله في موضع آخر نقلا عن التصريح:
«قوله: "أو بهمزة وصل" وحكم همزة الوصل في الفعل المسمى به القطع؛ لأن المنقول
من فعل بعد عن أصله فالتحق بنظائره من الأسماء فحكم فيه بقطع الهمزة بخلاف المنقول
من اسم كـ(اقتدار) فإنّ الهمزة تبقى على وصلها بعد التسمية؛ لأنّ المنقول من اسم لم
يبعد عن أصله فلم يستحقّ الخروج عما هو له. تصريح»( ). وهو ظاهر، فإن كان يفرّق بين
المنادى وغير المنادى فهو واهم بسبب كلام الأزهري في التصريح، وإن كان لا يفرّق بينهما
فهو متناقض، وكلامه يأكل بعضه بعضًا. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ثم
سرى الوهمُ إلى الخُضَريّ (محمد بن مصطفى الخضري الدمياطي 1287هـ) في حاشيته على ابن
عقيل إذ قال في باب النداء عند الكلام في يا الله: « قوله: (بقطع الهمزة) أي لأنها
لعدم مفارقتها له صارت كجزء من الكلمة فلم تحذف في النداء، وحينئذٍ تثبت ألف (يا) وجوباً،
وقوله ووصلُها، أي نظراً لأصلها، وحينئذٍ تثبت ألف أو تحذف ففيه ثلاثة أوجه بخلاف
(يا المنطلق زيد) فيجب قطع همزته مع ثبوت ألف يا لأن ما بدىء بهمزة الوصل فعلاً كان
أو غيره يجب قطعها في التسمية به لصيرورتها جزأ من الاسم فتقطع في النداء أيضاً ولا
يجوز وصْلها نظراً لأصالتها كما في الجلالة؛ لأنّ له خواصّ ليست لغيره»( ). وقوله
«لأن المبدوء بهمزة الوصل فعلًا أو غيره إذا سمي به يجب قطع همزته» هو قول الصبان،
فزاد - أي الخضري: «فتقطع في النداء أيضاً» وهذا حكم قاطع منه نتج عما رآه في حاشية
الصبان.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وتابع
نصرٌ الهوريني (ت 1291هـ) في المطالع النصرية الصبّانَ في حاشيته، قال الهوريني: «ولو
سُمِّى بما همزته وَصْل (كالاثنين) و(المنطَلِق) صارت همزة قطع كما نقله الصّبّان في
النداء»( )، وقال في الحاشية: «قال الصبان: المبدوء بهمزة الوصل -فعلًا أو غيره- إِذا
سُمِّى يجب قطع همزته. قلت: وعلى هذا نقول في (المنطلق) في النداء: يا ألمنطلق»(
). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وكذلك
محمد عبدالعزيز النجار (ت في حدود 1335هـ/ 1955م)( ) في ضياء السالك، تابع من قبله
كالصبان والخضري، فقال تعليقا على كلام ابن هشام في نداء ما سمّي به من<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>الجمل المحكية نحو يا المنطلق زيد: «أي: من الجمل
الاسمية المبدوءة بأل. ويقال في إعرابه: مبني على ضمٍّ مقدرٍ للحكاية في محل نصب. ويجب
قطع همزته وإثباتها نطقا وكتابة في جميع الأحوال مع ثبوت ألف (يا)؛ لأنّ المبدوء بهمزة
الوصل إذا سمي به يجب قطع همزته، لا فرق بين الفعل وغيره، ولا بين الجملة وسواها؛ لصيرورتها
جزءًا من الاسم، ما عدا لفظ الجلالة الله فله حكمه الخاصّ الذي سلف»( )، وهي من عبارة
الخضري، ويلاحظ أنّ النّجار أبقى المثال «يا المنطلقُ زيدٌ» في نص ابن هشام بهمزة وصل
خلافا لحكمه هذا في الحاشية، وهذا يوحي بأنه في نسخ أوضح المسالك موصولَ الهمزة على
اللغة الصحيحة التي وصفها النحاة، أعنى وصل الهمزة في الجملة المحكية المبدوءة بالألف
واللام. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وتابعهم
حسين والي (ت 1354هـ) قال في كتاب الإملاء: «اعلم أنه لو سمّي بما همزته وصل كالاثنين
والمنطلق صارت همزة قطع، كما نبّه إليه علماء النحو في الكلام على النداء»( )، وعلى
الأرجح هو متأثر بالصبّان والخضري ونصر الهوريني والنجّار؛ أو بأحدهم؛ لأنهم أصحاب
هذا الرأي. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وبلغ
الأمر منتهاه لدى عباس حسن (ت 1398هــ/1979م) فأتى بأحكام مخالفة لرأي جمهور النحويين،
لا يدل عليها سماع ولا علة مقبولة، فزعم –مع الهوريني وحسين والي- أنّ همزة (يوم الاثنين)
واجبة القطع، وكذلك المصدر المسمى به ذو همزة الوصل كـ(اقتدار) مع أنه لم يطلع على
رأي ابن الطراوة فيما يظهر لي، وما أقواله إلا صدًى وامتدادٌ لما جاء في حاشيتي الصبان
والخضري قبله.. فهو يحكم بقطع همزة المسمى به اسمًا كان أو فعلا في نداء أو في غيره
مفردا أو جملة محكية، وذلك في قوله تعليقًا على (يا الذي كتب) عند التسمية به بأن:
«الهمزة هنا للقطع بعد أن صارت في أوّل علم؛ فيجب إثباتها نطقًا وكتابة في كل الأحوال؛
لأنّ المبدوء بهمزة وصل إذا سُمّي به يجب قطع همزته؛ لا فرق بين الفعل وغيره، ولا بين
الجملة وسواها إلا لفظ الجلالة: (الله) فله عند النداء الأحكام الخاصة التي سبقت في
رقم 2 من هامش ص26 وقد نص الخُضَري والصَّبّان على ما تقدم في آخر باب النداء، وهو
المفهوم أيضا من كلام التصريح في ذلك الموضع، وكذلك المغنى( ) الباب السابع»( )، وقال:
إنّ الهمزة تقطع في «نداء العلم المنقول من جملة اسمية مبدوءة بأل؛ نحو: الرجل زارع؛
تقول: يا ألرجل زارع، سر على بركة الله»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>وقال في موضع آخر: «إذا كان العلم منقولا من لفظ
مبدوء بهمزة وصل فإن همزته بعد النقل تصير همزة قطع -كما أشرنا- نحو: (إنشراح) علم
امرأة، و(أل) علم على الأداة الخاصة بالتعريف أوغيره، بشرط أن تكتب منفردة مقصودًا
بها ذاتها؛ فنقول: (أل) كلمة ثنائية، و(أل) فى اللغة أنواع من حيث المدلول... ومثل:
(يوم الإثنين) بكتابة همزة: (إثنين) لأنها علم على ذلك اليوم... ومثل: (أُسكُت) (هكذا)(
) علم على صحراء...»( )، وقال عَقِيبه: «ولا التفات لما اشترطه بعضهم لإخراج نوع من
الأعلام من هذا الحكم، إذ الصحيح أنّ هذا الحكم عامٌّ يشمل الأعلام بأنواعها المختلفة،
كما يشمل غير الأسماء من كلّ لفظ مبدوء بهمزة وصل قد سمى به، وصار علما»( ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال:
«وباضطرار خص جمع يا وأل.... وكذلك التصريح، والخضري في هذا الموضع نفسه. وللخضري تعليل
قوي، نصه: ما بديء بهمزة الوصل فعلا كان أو غيره، يجب قطعها في التسمية به: لصيرورتها
جزءًا من الاسم، فتقطع في النداء أيضا: ولا يجوز وصلها لأصالتها، كما - وصلت- في لفظ
الجلالة، لأن له خواص ليست لغيره... اهـ.... فلا التفات إلى ما نقله الصبان عن غيره
في موضع آخر»( )، وهو يريد نقله عن صاحب التصريح، وهو النقل الموافق لكلام عامة النحويين
منذ سيبويه.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وقال
أيضا: «وهمزة العلم قطع -في الرأي الأنسب- ولو كان العلم منقولا من لفظ آخر، بشرط أن
تصير جزءًا ملازمًا له، مثل: ألرجل مسافر، علم على إنسان- كما نصوا على هذا في باب
النداء»( ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وما
ذكره عباس حسن مبني على وهم، كما تقدّم، وفيه زيادات من عنده وجُرأة على الرأي لا دليل
عليها من لغة أو قياس، وهو يخالف جمهور النحويين ولا يبالي! فتسببت أقواله التي يصوغُها
-وهو المجمعي المعروف- بلغةِ الواثق في لبسٍ وخلطٍ لدى طلاب العلم من أهل العربية بعده،
وبعض الأكاديميين المتخصصين. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وتابع
هؤلاء الشيخُ محمد بن عثيمين في شرحه الألفية، قال تعليقًا على قول ابن مالك (إلا مَعَ
اللهِ ومَحْكِيِّ الجُمَلْ): «فلو سمّينا شخصاً بجملة اسمية محلاة بأل جاز أن نناديه
بـ (يا) مثاله: دخل علينا شخص؛ وقال: (الصباح بارد)، فأخذنا عليه هذه الكلمة وبدأنا
نسميه به (الصباح باردٌ)، ونقول: (جاء الصباحُ باردٌ)، (دخل الصباحُ باردٌ) وما أشبه
ذلك، فإذا أردنا أن نناديه بـ(يا) نقول: (يا ألصباحُ باردٌ) وهنا يجب أن تجعلها همزة
قطع لقبح اجتماع (يا) النداء مع (أل) الساكنة في الهمزة، فتقطع الهمزة ليزول هذا القبح،
أما في (يا ألله) فيجوز أن تجعل الهمزة همزة وصل، وهمزة قطع»( ). والحقيقة أن القبح
الذي يشير إليه الشيخ رحمه الله هو في القطع لا في الوصل، فتأمل!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> نعم،
وما ذكره هؤلاء في هذه المسألة لا يؤخذ به؛ لأنه منافٍ لما قرره علماء النحو منذ سيبويه،
وهو مبنيٌّ على الوهم الذي ذكرته، وكانت شرارته في نصّ الأزهري في التصريح، وفيه وَهِمَ
الصّبّان والخضري، وتابعهم بعض المتأخرين، فقولهم بقطع همزة المنادى بأل نحو (يا المنطلق
زيد) لم يقل به أحد فيما أعلم، سوى ابن الطراوة إن افترضنا أنه يجعل المنادى في حكم
المصدر المسمى به كاقتدار، والمتعيّن في ذلك وصل الهمزة، ولا يجوز قطعها، كما يقول
ابن حمدون( )، إلا في ضرورة الشعر.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وأما
حكم نصر الهوريني وحسين والي وعباس حسن بوجوب قطع همزة (يوم الاثنين) فهو حكم باطل،
لم يقل به أحد قبلهم، فيما أعلم، ولم يقل به ابن الطراوة، ولا صاحب التصريح، ولا الصبان،
ولا الخضري، والسماع في سعة الكلام بخلافه. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ويعتذر
لهؤلاء العلماء الأجلاء بأنهم أرادوا طرد الباب على وتيرة واحدة، فجعلوا حكم ما نُقل
من فعل أو اسم مما بُدئ بهمزة وصل = قطع الهمزة بعد التسمية به، فخالفوا بذلك رأي الجمهور
من لدن سيبويه، ولم يأخذوا بعللهم. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فرغتُ
منه بعون الله ولطفه يوم الأربعاء<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">15
رمضان 1439هـ الموافق 30 مايو 2018م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>المصادر
والمراجع</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ابن الطراوة النحوي، للدكتور عياد الثبيتي، مطبوعات
نادي الطائف الأدبي، 1403هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>أبو الحسين ابن الطراوة وأثره في النّحو، دراسة
الدكتور محمد ابراهيم البنا، دار الاعتصام 1980م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>أثر التسمية في بنية الكلمة وموضع إعرابها، لسليمان
العايد، الناشر المؤلف 1991م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ارتشاف الضرب من لسان العرب، لأبي حيان، تحقيق
رجب عثمان محمد، مكتبة الخانجي، القاهرة 1418هـ 1998م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الأزمنة والأمكنة، للمرزوقي الأصفهاني، دار الكتب
العلمية، بيروت، 1417هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>أسرار العربية، لأبي البركات الأنباري، تحقيق
محمد بهجة البيطار، مطبوعات المجمع العلمي العربي بدمشق، 1377هـ 1957م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الأصول في النحو، لاين السرّاج، تحقيق عبدالحسين
الفتلي، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت 1405هـ 1985م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الألفات، لابن خالويه، تحقيق علي حسين البوّاب،
مكتبة المعارف، الرياض 1402هـ 1982م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>أمالي ابن الحاجب، تحقيق<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فخر صالح سليمان قدارة، دار عمار، الأردن، دار الجيل،
بيروت، 1409 هـ 1989م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الإنصاف في مسائل الخلاف، لأبي البركات الأنباري،
تحقيق محمد محيي الدين عبدالحميد، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>أوضح المسالك إلى ألفية ابن مالك، لابن هشام،
تحقيق محيي الدين عبدالحميد، دار الفكر، بيروت الطبعة السادسة 1394هـ 1974م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>إيضاح شواهد الإيضاح، للقيسي، تحقيق محمد حمود
الدعجاني، دار الغرب الإسلامي، بيروت، 1408هـ 1987هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>البرود الضافية والعقود الصافية الكافلة للكافية
بالمعانى الثمانية وافية، لجمال الدين الصنعانى، رسالة دكتوراه إعداد: محمد عبدالستار
على أبو زيد، جامعة الأزهر، كلية اللغة العربية بالزقازيق، القاهرة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>تاج العروس في شرح جواهر القاموس، لمرتضى الزبيدي،
تحقيق عبدالكريم العزباوي وآخرين، وزارة الإعلام في الكويت. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التبصرة والتذكرة للصيمري، بتحقيق فتحي أحمد
مصطفى، مركز البحث العلمي، جامعة أم القرى، مكة المكرمة 1402هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التذييل والتكميل، لأبي حيّان، نسخة محفوظة بمكتبة
نور عثمانية رقم 4562 في تركيا. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التسهيل (نسهيل الفوائد وتكميل المقاصد) لابن
مالك، تحقيق محمد كامل بركات، دار الكتاب العربي، القاهرة 1387.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التصريح بمضمون التوضيح، لخالد الأزهري، بتحقيق
عبدالفتاح بحيري إبراهيم، الزهراء للإعلام العربي، القاهرة 1413هـ 1992م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التمام في تفسير أشعار هذيل مما أغفله السكري،
تحقيق أحمد ناجي القيسي وخديجة الحديثي، مطبعة العاني، بغداد 1380هـ 1961م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>تمهيد القواعد بشرح تسهيل الفوائد، لناظر الجيش،
تحقيق علي محمد فاخر وآخرين، دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، القاهرة
1428هـ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>توجيه اللمع، لابن الخبّاز، تحقيق فايز زكي محمد
دياب، دار السلام للطباعة والنشر، القاهرة 14238ـ 2002م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>تنقيح الألباب في شرح غوامض الكتاب، لابن خروف،
تحقيق خليفة محمد خليفة بديري، منشورات كلية الدعوة الإسلامية ولجنة الحفاظ على التراث
اٌسلامي، ليبيا. دون تاريخ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>تنقيح الألباب في شرح غوامض الكتاب، (شرح كتاب
سيبويه) لابن خروف، تحقيق صالح أحمد مسفر الغامدي، رسالة دكتوراه من جامعة أم القرى
نوقشت في عام 1414هـ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>توضيح المقاصد والمسالك بشرح ألفية ابن مالك،
للمرادي، تحقيق عبدالرحمن علي سليمان، مكتبة الكليات الأزهرية، القاهرة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>جامع الدروس العربية، لمصطفى الغلاييني، المكتبة
العصرية، بيروت، الطبعة التاسعة والعشرون 1415هـ 1994م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>حاشية ابن حمدون بن الحاج على شرح المكّودي،
دار الفكر، بيروت، دون تاريخ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>حاشية الخضري على شرح ابن عقيل، ضبط يوسف البقاعي،
دار الفكر، بيروت، 1424هـ 2003م. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>حاشية الدشوقي على المغني، لابن عرفة الدسوقي،
طبع عبدالحميد أحمد حنفي، القاهرة، دون تاريخ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>حاشية الشمنّي على مغني اللبيب (المسمّاة المصنّف
من الكلام على مغني ابن هشام) المطبعة البهية، مصر دون تاريخ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>حاشية الصبان على شرح الأشموني (بهامش شرح الأشموني)
دار إحياء الكتب العربية وعيسى البابي الحلبي، القاهرة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الحلبيات (المسائل الحلبيات) لأبي عليّ الفارسي،
تحقيق حسن هنداوي، دار القلم، دمشق 1407هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>خزانة الأدب، لعبدالقادر البغدادي، تحقيق عبدالسلام
هارون، الخانجي، القاهرة، الطبعة الثالثة 1409هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الخصائص، لابن جني، تحقيق محمد عليّ النجّار،
دار الكتب المصرية، القاهرة 1371هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>درة الغوّاص في أوهام الخواصّ، لأبي القاسم الحريري،
تحقيق عبدالله الحسيني البركاتي، المكتبة الفيصلية، مكة المكرمة 1417هـ 1996م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الدر المصون في علوم الكتاب المكنون، للسمين
الحلبي، تحقيق أحمد الخرّاط، دار القلم، دمشق 1406هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ديوان حسان بن ثابت الأنصاري، ضبطه وصححه عبدالرحمن
البرقوقي دار الأندلس، بيروت، الطبعة الثالثة 1983م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ديوان ذي الرُّمّة، تحقيق عبدالقدوس أبو صالح،
مؤسسة الإيمان، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية 1402هـ 1982م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ديوان عمر بن أبي ربيعة، طبعة الهيئة المصرية
العامة للكتاب، القاهرة 1978م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ديوان قيس بن الخطيم، تحقيق ناصر الدين الأسد،
دار صادر، بيروت 1387هـ الطبعة الثالثة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>رسالة الإفصاح ببعض ما جاء من الخطأ في الإيضاح،
لابن الطراوة، تحقيق حاتم الضامن، عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية 1416هـ 1996م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>رسالة الملائكة، لأبي العلاء المعرّي، تحقيق
محمد سليم الجندي، دار الآفاق الجديدة، بيروت 1979م، مصورة عن طبعة الترقّي، دمشق.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>سر الصناعة الإعراب، لابن جني، تحقيق حسن هنداوي،
دار القلم، دمشق 1405هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح ابن عقيل، تحقيق محمد محيي الدين عبدالحميد،
منشورات المكتبة العصرية، بيروت، دون تاريخ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>ابن الناظم على ألفية ابن مالك، لبدر الدين بن مالك، تحقيق محمد باسل عيون السود،
دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت1420هـ<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2000م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح أشعار الهذليين، للسكري، تحقيق عبدالستّار
فراج، ومراجعة محمود شاكر، دار العروية، القاهرة 1984م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح الأشموني لألفية ابن مالك، للأشموني، دار
إحياء الكتب العربية وعيسى البابي الحلبي، القاهرة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح ألفية ابن مالك، لمحمد بن عثيمين، مؤسسة
الشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين الخيرية، ومكتبة الرشد، الرياض 1434هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح التسهيل، لابن مالك، تحقيق عبدالرحمن السيد
ومحمد البدوي المختون، دار هجر، القاهرة 1410هـ 1990م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح تسهيل الفوائد، للمرادي، تحقيق ناصر حسين
علي، دار سعد الدين، القاهرة، الطبعة الثانية 1434هـ 2013م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح جمل الزجاجي لابن عصفور، نحقيق صاحب أبو
جناح، مطبوعات وزارة الثقافة العراقية 1402هـ 1982م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح الرضي لكافية ابن الحاجب، تحقيق حسن الحفظي
ويحيى بشير مصري، مطبوعات جامعة الإمام 1414هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح شافية ابن الحاجب للرضي، تحقيق محمد نور
الحسن ومحمد الزفزاف ومحمد محيي الدجين عبدالحميد، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت 1402هـ
1982م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح شذور الذهب، للجوجري، تحقيق نواف بن جزاء
الحارثي، مطبوعات عمادة البحث العلمي بالجامعة الإسلامية، المدينة المنورة 1424هـ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح شذور الذهب في معرفة كلام العرب، لابن هشام،
تحقيق محمد محيي الدين عبدالحميد، دار الفكر بيروت. عبد الغني الدقر، الشركة المتحدة
للتوزيع، سوريا.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح الكافية الشافية، لابن مالك، تحقيق عبدالمنعم
أحمد هريدي، مركز البحث العلمي وإحياء التراث الإسلامي، جامعة أم القرى، مكة المكرمة
1402هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح كتاب سيبويه للسيرافي، تحقيق جماعة من العلماء،
دار الكتب والوثائق القومية، القاهرة، 1430هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح كتاب سيبويه، لأبي الحسن الرُّمّاني، (من
باب الحروف التي تدخل على الفعل دون الاسم إلى نهاية باب الحكاية) تحقيق إبراهيم بن
موسى آل موسى، رسالة دكتوراه من جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية 1420ه 1999م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح كتاب سيبويه لابن خروف = تنقيح الألباب في
شرح غوامض الكتاب.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح اللمع، للشريف عمر بن إبراهيم الزيدي الحسيني
الكوفي، تحقيق محمود محمد الموصلي، مطبوعات هيئة أبو ظبي للثقافة والتراث، دار الكتب
الوطنية 1431هـ 2010م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح المفصل لابن يعيش، تحقيق د. عبداللطيف الخطيب،
مكتبة دار العروبة، الكويت 1435هـ 2014م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح المقدمة الجزولية الكبير، لأبي علي الشلوبين،
تحقيق تركي بن سهو العتيبي، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية 1414هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح المكّودي (عبدالرحمن المكّودي) مطبوع على
هامش حاشية ابن حمدون بن الحاج، دار الفكر، بيروت، دون تاريخ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح ملحة الإعراب، لأبي القاسم الحريري، تحقيق
بركات يوسف هبّود، المكتبة العصرية، بيروت 1418هـ 1998م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شرح الوافية نظم الكافيبة، لابن الحاجب، تحقيق
موسى بنّاي علوان العليلي (ساعدت الجامعة المستنصرية على نشره) مطبعة الآداب، النجف
1400هـ 1980م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>شموس العرفان بلغة القرآن، لعباس أبو السعود،
دار المعارف، القاهرة 1980م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ضرائر الشعر، لابن عصفور، تحقيق السيد إبراهيم
محمد، دار الأندلس، بيروت 1980م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ضياء السالك إلى أوضح المسالك، لمحمد عبدالعزيز
النجار، مكتبة ابن تيمية، القاهرة، توزيع مكتبة العلم، جدة، دون تاريخ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>علل النحو، للوراق، تحقيق محمود جاسم الدرويش،
مكتبة الرشد، الرياض 1420هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الفصول في العربية، لابن الدهان، تحقيق فائز
فارس، دار الأمل ومؤسسة الرسالة 1409هـ 1988م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الفوائد الضيائية (شرح كافية ابن الحاجب) لنور
الدين الجامي، تحقيق أسامة طه الرفاعي، مطبوعات وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الدينية، العراق
1403هـ 1983م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الفوائد والقواعد، للثمانيني، تحقيق عبدالوهاب
محمد الكحلة، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت 1422هـ 2002م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>قصد السبيل فيما في كلام العرب من الدخيل، للمحبّي،
تحقيق عثمان محمود الصيني، مكتبة التوبة، الرياض، 1415هـ 1995م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>القلائد الذهبية في قواعد الإلفية، لمحمود بن
يوسف فجاَّل، دار الفكر، دمشق 2012م. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>قواعد المطارحة، لابن إياز، تحقيق عبدالله عمر
الحاج إبراهيم، مكتبة العبيكان، الرياض 1432هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>القول الفصل في قطع همزة العلم المنقول المبدوء
بهمزة الوصل، مقال لأحمد إسحاق، منشور في موقع الألوكة، بتاريخ الإضافة:
11/12/2013 ميلادي - 7/2/1435 هجري، وهذا رابطه الشبكي:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.alukah.net/literature_language/0/63741</span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> /</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الكتاب، لسيبويه، تحقيق عبدالسلام هارون، عالم
الكتب، بيروت الطبعة الثالثة 1403هـ 1983م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>كتاب الإملاء، لحسين والي، دار القلم، بيروت
1405هـ 1985م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>كتاب الشعر، (أو شرح الأبيات المشكلة الإعراب)
لأبي علي الفارسي، تحقيق محمود الطناحي، مكتبة الخانجي، القاهرة 1408هـ 1988م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>اللامات، لأبي القاسم الزجاجي، تحقيق مازن المبارك،
دار الفكر، الطبعة الثانية 1405هـ 1985م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>اللباب في علل البناء والإعراب، للعكبري، تحقيق
غازي مختار طليمات، دار الفكر المعاصر، بيروت، ودار الفكر، دمشق 1416هـ 1995م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لسان العرب، لابن منظور، دار صادر، بيروت.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>اللمحة في شرح الملحة لابن الصائغ تحقيق إبراهيم
بن سالم الصاعدي، نشر عمادة البحث العلمي بالجامعة الإسلامية، المدينة المنورة، المملكة
العربية السعودية، 1424هـ/2004م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>اللمع لابن جنب، تحقيق حامد مؤمن، عالم الكتب
ومكتبة النهضة العربية، بيروت 1405هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ما ينصرف وما لا ينصرف، للزجاج، تحقيق هدى قرّاعة،
المجلس الأعلى للشؤون الإسلامية، القاهرة 1391هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المبهج في تفسير أسماء شعراء الحماسة، لابن جني،
تحقيق حسن هنداوي، دار القلم، دمشق، دارة المنارة، بيروت 1407هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المحكم والمحيط الأعظم، لابن سيده، تحقيق جماعةو
من اللغويين، مطبوعات المنظمة العربية للتربية والثقافة والعلوم، ومعهد المخطوطات العربية
بالقاهرة1419هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المخصص، لابن سيده، بعناية محمد محمود التركزي
الشنقيطي، ومعاونة عبدالغني محمود، مطبوعة بولاق، القاهرة 1321هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المرتجل، لابن الخشّاب، تحقيق علي حيدر، دمشق
1392هـ 1972م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المسائل المنثورة، لأبي عليّ الفارسي، تحقيق
مصطفى الحدري، مطبوعات مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق، دون تاريخ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المساعد على تسهيل الفوائد، لابن عقيل، تحقيق
محمد كامل بركات، مركز البحث العلمي بجامعة أم القرى، مكة المكرّمة 1405هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المصباح المنير في غريب الشرح الكبير، للفيومي
تحقيق عبدالعظيم الشنّاوي، المكتبة العلمية، بيروت.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المطالع النصرية للمطابع المصرية في الأصول الخطية،
نصر الهوريني تحقيق وتعليق: الدكتور طه عبد المقصود، مكتبة السنة، القاهرة، الطبعة:
الأولى 1426 هـ - 2005 م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المعرب للجواليقي، تحقيق أحمد شاكر، مطبعة دار
الكتب المصرية، القاهرة 1361هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>مغني اللبيب عن كتب الأعاريب، لابن هشام، تحقيق
مازن المبارك، دار الفكر، بيروت، الطبعة الخامسة 1979هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المقاصد الشافية في شرح الخلاصة الكافية، للشاطبي،
تحقيق جماعة من المحققين، منشورات معهد البحوث العلمية، جامعة أم القرى، 1428هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المقاصد النحوية في شرح شواهد شروح الألفية المشهور
بـ (شرح الشواهد الكبرى) لبدر العيني، علي محمد فاخر، وأحمد محمد توفيق السوداني، وعبد
العزيز محمد فاخر، دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، القاهرة - جمهورية
مصر العربية الطبعة: الأولى، 1431 هـ - 2010 م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المقتضب، للمبرد، تحقيق محمد عبدالخالق عضيمة،
عالم الكتب، بيروت.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الموجز في قواعد اللغة العربية، لسعيد الأفغاني،
دار الفكر، بيروت 1424هـ 2003م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>النحو الوافي، لعباس حسن، دار المعارف، القاهرة،
الطبعة الثامنة عشرة، 2012م.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>النوادر لأبي زيد الأنصار، تحقيق محمد عبدالقادر
أحمد، دار الشروق، بيروت1401هـ 1981م. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>همسات الأعلام في همزات الأعلام، لسعيد بنعياد،
مقال منشورة في موقع القصيدة العربية بتاريخ 20/ 3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>/2010م، وهذا رابطه الشبكي: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.alqaseda.net/vb/showthread.php?s=ad32c452b4bb42121d41fc6591b5db89&t=7804<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>همع الهوامع شرح جمع الجوامع، للسيوطي، بتصحيح
محمد بدر الدين النعساني، الخانجي، القاهرة 1327هـ. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ملحوظة: لم تظهر الإحالات هنا لأسباب فنية، وهي ظاهرة في مجلة الدراسات اللغوية المجلد العشرون، العدد الرابع، (شوال - ذو الحجة 1438هـ</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كتبه عبدالرزاق الصاعدي</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المدينة المنورة</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-49685097514671002522018-07-27T10:33:00.001+03:002019-01-22T08:28:14.731+03:00المكتبة المعجمية الكاملة:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><u>المكتبة المعجمية الكاملة </u></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> معاجم
العربية نوعان، (معاجم ألفاظ) و(معاجم موضوعات ومعانٍ)، ولا يستغني عن النوعين أحد
من الباحثين اللغويين وغيرهم، وسأذكر أبرز المعاجم في كل نوع، وسأقدم معاجم الألفاظ
لأنها الأهم، والقسمان هما: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>أولا:
معاجم الألفاظ، وفيها ثلاث مدارس:</b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<b style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; text-indent: 36pt;">المدرسة الأولى:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>مدرسة التقليبات، وهي فرعان:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> أ- </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15pt; text-indent: 36pt;">التقليبات الصوتية، ومن أبرز معاجمها:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>العين، للخليل الفراهيدي 175هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التكملة لمعجم العين، لأبي حامد البشتي الخارزنجي
348هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>البارع، لأبي علي القالي 356هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>تهذيب اللغة، لأبي منصور الأزهري 370هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>مختصر العين، لأبي بكر الزُّبيدي الإشبيلي
379هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المحيط في اللغة، للصاحب بن عبّاد ت 385هـ
(وهو من المعاجم المهمة)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المحكم، لابن سيده 458هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> ب- </span>ا<b>لتقلبات الهجائية الأبتثية:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>وفيها معجم واحد هو معجم الجمهرة، لابن دريد
الأزدي 321هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b style="text-indent: 48px;">المدرسة الثانية:</b> <b>مدرسة القافية ومن أبرز معاجمها:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التقفية للبندنيجي 284 هـ (صاحب فكرة الترتيب
بالقافية)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ديوان الأدب لأبي إسحاق إبراهيم الفاربي
350هـ (وهو من معاجم الأبنية، ووضعته هنا بسبب منهجه في الترتيب)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الصحاح، للجوهري 392هـ (نضجت على يديه مدرسة
القافية)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الموعب، لابن التيّاني القرطبي 436هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التنبيه والإيضاح عما وقع في الصحاح (حواشي
الصحاح) لابن بَرّي 582هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التكملة والذيل والصلة، للصغاني 650هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>العباب الزاخر، للصغاني 650هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>مجمع البحرين، للصغاني 650هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>مختار الصحاح لأبي بكر الرازي 666هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>لسان العرب، لابن منظور 711هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>القاموس المحيط، للفيروزي 817هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس، للمرتضى الزَّبيدي
1205هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>معيار اللغة، لمحمد علي الشيرازي ت بعد
1273هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL">
<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المدرسة
الثالثة: مدرسة الصدور ومن أبرز معاجمها:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- الجيم، لأبي عمرو الشيباني 213هـ (رائد المدرسة
ولم يكن ناضجا في منهجه)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- المُنجّد في اللغة، لكراع النمل 310هـ (قبل
نضج المدرسة)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- المجمل في اللغة، لابن فارس 395هـ (له نظام
خاص في هذه المدرسة) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- مقاييس اللغة، لابن فارس 395هـ (له نظام
خاص في هذه المدرسة)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- الجامع في اللغة، للقزاز التميمي القيرواني412هـ (وعلى يده نضجت هذه المدرسة أو على يد الهروي في
الغريبين)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- الأفعال، لأبي عثمان المعافري السرقسطي ت
بعد 400هـ (خاص بالأفعال)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- مفردات ألفاظ القرآن، للراغب الأصفهاني
503هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- أساس البلاغة للزمخشري 538هـ (وتنسب له هذه المدرسة خطأ)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- الفائق في غريب الحديث للزمخشري 538هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- النهاية في غريب الحديث لابن الأثير 606هـ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- المغرب
في ترتيب المعرب، لناصر الدين المُطرّزي 610هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- المصباح المنير، للفيّومي 770هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- الطراز الأول والكناز لما عليه من لغة العرب
المعول، لابن معصوم الحسيني 1120هـ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- محيط المحيط، لبطرس البستاني 1882م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- أقرب الموارد في فُصَح العربية والشوارد
للشرتوني 1912م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- معجم الطالب لجرجس همّام الشويري 1921م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- فاكهة البستان، لعبدالله البستاني 1930م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- المنجد في اللغة والإعلام، للويس معلوف
1946م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- متن اللغة، لأحمد رضا العاملي 1953م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- المعجم الوسيط، لمجمع اللغة بالقاهرة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- المعجم الكبير، لمجمع اللغة بالقاهرة (لم
يكتمل بعد)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- معجم المرجع، لعبدالله العلايلي 1417هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- معجم العربية المعاصرة، لأحمد مختار عمر
2003م</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">- الغنيّ الزاهر، لعبدالغني أبو العزم (معاصر)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ثانيا:
معاجم الموضوعات والمعاني: وهي نوعان:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>أ-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الرسائل الصغيرة، أو المعاجم ذات الموضوع
الواحد:</b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وهي
كثيرة، ومنها ما تناول خلق الإنسان، أو المطر والسحاب والأنواء والنبات، أو الإبل والخيل،
أو الحشرات والوحوش والطير أو والغنم والشاء، ومنها في اللبا واللبن، أو ما يتناول
أبنية صرفية خاصة كالمصادر وبعض الصيغ كصيغة فعلان وكتب الهمز، والمقصور والممدود والمذكر
والمؤنث والإفراد والتثنية والجمع، والفروق، والاشتقاق والإتباع والمزاوجة، والقلب
والإبدال، والأضداد، والمثلث، والضاد والظاء، والمعرب، ولحن العامّة، والنوادر، والبلدان
والدارات ونحو ذلك وهي كثيرة، تعد بالمئات، ويصعب حصرها، ومنها جمعت مادة المعاجم الكبيرة.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ب-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المعاجم الكبيرة متعددة الموضوعات أو المعاني:<o:p></o:p></b></span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الغريب المصنّف، لأبي عبيد القاسم بن سلاّم
224هـ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الألفاظ، لابن السكّيت 240هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الجراثيم، لابن قتيبة، 276هـ وهو يشتمل على
أبواب مختلفة. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>جواهر الألفاظ، لقدامة بن جعفر 337هـ (
معجم معان وأنصح باقتنائه)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>التلخيص في معرفة الأشياء، لأبي هلال العسكري
395هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>مبادئ اللغة، للخطيب الإسكافي 421هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>فقه اللغة وسرّ العربية، للثعالبي 429هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>المخصص، لابن سيده 458هـ (وهو أوسعها على
الإطلاق)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>نظام الغريب، لعيسى الربعي 480هـ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>نُجْعة الرائد وشِرعة الوارد في المترادف
والمتوارد لإبراهيم اليازجي 1906م<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>الإفصاح في فقه اللغة، لحسين يوسف موسى وعبدالمتعال
الصعيدي.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وأرى أنّ على الباحث اللغوي خاصّة أنْ يقتني جميع هذه المعاجم أو أكثرها، وقد
ظهرت لي خلّة عجيبة لدى بعض اللغويين المتخصصين من الأكاديميين وهي اكتفاؤهم ببضعة
معاجم، منها لسان العرب لابن منظور!! وكأنهم يظنون أن اللسان هو تاج المعاجم وذروتها،
والحقيقة أنه أقل المعاجم شأنًا عند المتخصصين، لأسباب عِدّة ليس هذا مكان بسطها</span>. </span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وثمة
معاجم عربية أتت عليها عوادي الزمان وضاعت، ونحن اليوم لا نكاد نعلم عنها إلا نتفًا
يسيرة متفرّقة من النصوص المنقولة عنها في معاجم جاءت بعدها، ومن تلك المعاجم المفقودة:</span><br />
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">1-
المنتهَى، لابن تميم البرمكي ت بعد 396 هـ .<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">2-
الجامع، للقزاز القيرواني 412 هـ<o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 48px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">3-
الموعب، لأبي غالب التيّاني المرسي 436 هـ <o:p style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; line-height: 22.66px;">4-
الشامل، لأبي منصور الجبّان الرازي 520 هـ تقريبا.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; text-indent: 48px;">5- الواعي، لعبدالحق الإشبيلي 581 هـ وينقل عنه اللبلي في تحفة المجد الصريح.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 20px; text-indent: 48px;">6- اللامع المعجب العجاب الجامع بين المحكم والعباب للفيروزي 817هـ ذكره في مقدمة القاموس، وأشار إلى أنه شرع فيه، وقدره بنحو 60 مجلدا، ثم لخّصه في القاموس، وهو مفقود ويبدو أنه لم يكتمل، قال السخاوي في الضوء اللامع: رأيت بخطّه أنه كمل منه مجاليد خمسة.</span></div>
</div>
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: large;"></span><b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br /></div>
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 15.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>عبدالرزاق الصاعدي</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>المدينة المنورة</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>14 ذوق القعدة 1439هـ الموافق 27 يوليو 2018م</b></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-71513394105529958902018-07-04T00:18:00.002+03:002018-07-05T19:07:26.955+03:00وَهْمُ الجوهري في «يُوْجِعُني رأسي» والوهم في المعاجم كالجَرَب يُعْدِي!:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وَهْمُ الجوهري في «يُوْجِعُني رأسي»
والوهم في المعاجم كالجَرَب يُعْدِي!<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">منع الجوهري (ت 392هـ) أنْ يقال: «يُوجِعُني
رأسي» بضمّ الياء وكسر الجيم، قال في الصحاح مادة (وجع) 3/ </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">1295: إن قلت: «فلانٌ يَوْجَعُ
رأسَه، نصبتَ الرأس، فإن جئتَ بالهاء رفعتَ، فقلتَ يَوْجَعُهُ رأسُه، وأنا أيْجَعُ
رأسي ويَوْجَعُ رأسي، ولا تقل يُوجِعُني رأسي، والعامَّة تقوله».</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومُرادُهُ أنّ العرب تجعل هذا الفعل
في وَجَع الرأس ثلاثيًّا مجرّدا، وهو وَجِعَ يَوْجَع، وذكر فيه قبل هذا النص لغات</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> في الثلاثي، ولم أذكرها هنا؛ لأن الذي يعنيني هو منعه المزيد بالهمزة من هذا الفعل
وَجِع، وهو: أَوْجَعَه، فلا يقال عنده: أَوْجَعَه رأسُه يُوْجِعُه، -بضم الياء
وكسر الجيم- وإنما يقال: وَجِعَهُ رأسُهُ يَوْجَعُهُ. فإن قيل: لعلّ مُراده بالمنع:
يُوْجَعُ -بضم الياء وفتح الجيم- قلتُ: هذا غير واردٍ، لأمور:</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أوّلها:</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">
أنه حين ذكر اللغات المسموعة الثابتة عنده في الفعل (وجع) ذكر ما ورد فيه من لغات،
وهي: وَجِعَ، ومضارعه: يَوْجَع ويَيْجَع وياجَع ويِيجَع، ولم يذكر الرباعي (أوجعه)
في أوجاع أعضاء الجسد. ويؤيّد هذا أن مصادره لم تذكر هذا الرباعي في أعضاء الجسد، وأن
ثمة مصادر قريبة من زمانه لم تورده في ألم الأعضاء، ومنها الأفعال لابن القطاع،
ولذا استدركه السرقطي كما سيأتي في نصّه لاحقًا. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">وثانيها:
أنه لو أراد (يُوْجَع) –بضم الياء وفتح الجيم- لنصّ عليه؛ لأنه تركيب صرفي فاسد،
على صورة المبني للمجهول (يُوْجَع) وهذا التركيب لا تأتي معه ياء المتكلم، فالعرب
لا تقول: (يُوْقَفُني) و(يُخْرَجُني) و(يُكْرَمُني) والعامة في زمان الجوهري قريبو
عهد بعصر الفصاحة، فلا يقع منهم مثل هذا التحربف الصرفي الشنيع، ولو أراد ذلك لنص
عليه، لغرابته وشناعته، ولنصّ عليه الصغاني حينما قيّده بقوله: ((بضم الياء)) ولو
كانت الجيم مفتوحة لنصّ عليها لغرابتها، وكذلك الفيروزي اكتفى بالنص على ضم الياء،
وسكت عن الجيم، لأنهم يتكلمون عن الرباعي، وحركة الجيم معلومة، وهي الكسر، فيكفي
أن ينصوا على ضم الياء، على منهجهم إذ لا يفصّلون في الواضحات، ويكفي في البنية أن
يشار إلى حركة الياء، فيعلم الباقي.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">وثالثها:
أنّ قوله هنا يناسب أسلوبه في التنبيه على غير المسموع، فلو تأملنا ما يرد عنه في
قوله ((ولا تقل)) سنجده يأتي بهذا في مواضع منعِ غيرِ المسموع، وبعضه مما تتكلم به
العامّة وله وجه في التصريف، كقوله: (صدق) 4/ 1506: ((ولا تقل يَتَصَدّق، والعامّة
تقوله)) ومثله (أهل) 4/ 1629: ((فلان أهل لكذا، ولا تقل: مستأهل، والعامة تقوله)) فهذا
وأمثاله هو مما يصحح في الصناعة الصرفية ولكنه يمنعه لأنه غير مسموع، ومما يشبه
مسألتنا منعه الرباعي المزيد بالهمزة، كقوله في مادة رعب 1/ 136: ((الرُّعْبُ:
الخوف، تقول منه: رَعَبْتُهُ فهو مرعوب، إذا أفزعتَه؛ ولا تقل: أرْعَبْتُهُ)).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "traditional arabic" , serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">ورابعها:
أن مطبوعات الصحاح والنسخ الخطية التي أطّلعت عليها، مضبوطة ضبط قلم بكسر الجيم،
على ظاهر النص، وكذلك في العباب النسخة التركية، وهي التي بين يدي، وكذلك مضبوط في
مطبوعات تهذيب الصحاح ومختار الصحاح واللسان والتاج. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; font-family: "traditional arabic" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نعم، فهل
أصاب الجوهري في تلحينه: أَوْجَعَهُ رأسُهُ يُوْجِعُه؟ وهل وافقه من جاء بعدَه أو
خالفه؟ هذا ما أردت الإجابة عنه وتحقيقه في هذه الورقة الوجيزة. فأقول: </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إنّ الرجوع إلى المعاجم التي جاءت
بعد الجوهري </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ونقلت عنه يُبين عن موافقتهم إياه في حكمه، أو على الأقل السكوت عن
الردّ عليه، فهذا الصاغاني (ت 650هـ) وهو من كِبار المعجميين ومن محققيهم ينقل في
العباب كلام الجوهري، وينصّ على موضع اللحن ويقيّد زيادة في الإيضاح، قال: «...
ولا تقل يُوجِعُني رأسي، بضمّ الياء، والعامَّة تقوله» فعبارة: «بضمّ الياء» زيادة
من عنده.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وارتضى الزنجاني (ت 656هـ) في تهذيب
الصحاح (رجع) 2/ 513 هذا الحكم وأعاد نقله والنص على تلحينه وعامّيته، ومثله أبو
بكر الرازي (ت بعد 666 هـ) في مختار الصحاح (وجع) 305.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وأما الفيروزي (ت 817هـ) فمن عادته في
القاموس الاعتماد على الصغاني، فالتقط زيادته في العباب، حين قال: </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">«بضمّ الياء» وجعلها:
«وضَمُّ الياءِ لَحْنٌ»؛ قال: «ويَوْجَعُ رأسَه، بِنَصْبِ الرأسِ، ويَوْجَعُه
رأسُه، كيَمْنَعُ، فيهما، وأنا أَيْجَعُ رأسي ويَوْجَعُني رأسي، وضَمُّ الياءِ
لَحْنٌ» مع أنه قال بعد سطرين من هذا الحكم الصريح: «وأَوْجَعَه: آلمه» ولم ينتبه،
ربما لأن هذه النص من المحكم لابن سيده، فكان كالتي نقضت غزلها، فمضارع أوجعه يُوجِعُه،
ووجع الرأس أَلَمٌ، وقال قبل سطرين من هذا: إن يُوجِعُهُ لحن، فإن قال قائل إن
اللحن في وجع الرأس خاصة، قلت إن الرأس كسائر الأطراف في الوجع، وسيرد مزيد إيضاح
ونصوص وشواهد في هذا، وظننتُ أنَ الشارحَ الزَّبيديَّ (ت 1205هـ) لن يمرّر له هذا،
ولكنه اكتفى هنا بالقصّ واللزق، من المعاجم قبله، وقال: «ويَوْجَعُنِي رَأْسِي، ولا
تَقُلْ يُوجِعُنِي، فإنَّ ضَمّ الياءِ لَحْنٌ وهِيَ لُغَةٌ العامَّةِ» ويبدو أنّ </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">شيخه ابنَ الطيب الفاسي الشرقي (1172هـ) كان مثله
في ذلك، ولو قال شيئا لنقله عنه كعادته.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ونقله ابن منظور (ت711هـ) في اللسان واكتفى
بالنقل على منهجه، وسكت عنه الصفدي (ت 764 هـ) وهو</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> المتتبّع لأوهام الجوهري في كتابه
(نفوذ السهم فيما وقع فيه الجواهري من الوهم) ولم يُنبّه فيه بشيء، ويُفهم من ذلك
أنه يوافقه أو ليس لديه اعتراض. </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">فهؤلاء تسعة من علماء اللغة الكبار،</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> وهم</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> الجوهري (392هـ) والصّغاني (650هـ) والزنجاني (656هـ) وأبو
بكر</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> الرازي (666هـ) وابن منظور (711هـ) والصفدي (764هـ) والفيروزي (817هـ) وابن
الطيّب الفاسي (1172هـ) والزَّبيدي (1205هـ)، يمنعون أن يقال: «يُوجِعُني رأسي» ويعدّونه
من لحن العامّة! ويوافقهم من المعجميين المعاصرين أحمد رضا العاملي في معجمه (متن
اللغة) قال: «ويَوْجَعنى رأسي، ولا تقل: يُوْجِعُني، فإنه لحنٌ عامّيّ» فيكون عاشرَهم.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وحين نعود إلى منبع هذا الخلل، وهو الجوهري،
نجده يناقض نفسه، ويقول في مادة (قعنس)</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"> «وإن اسْتَقى</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;"> بغير </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">بَكرَةٍ ومَتَحَ أوْجَعَه
ظَهْرُه، فيقال له: اقْعَنْسِسْ واجذِبِ الدَّلْوَ» والظهر كالرأس في هذا، ومضارع
أوْجَعَهُ: يُوْجِعه، وهو ما منعه بعينه في مادة (وجع) ونقل هذا </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">–</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">أيضا- الصغاني بنصه، ويلزمه التناقض مثلهما، أعني الجوهري
والفيروزي.</span></div>
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<u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يُوْجِعُني رأسي مسموعة ومرويّة
قبلهم:<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رأينا أنّ عشرةً من المعجميين يمنعون
أنْ يقال: «يُوْجِعُني رأسي» بضمّ الياء، ويعدّونه من لحن العامّة، ومن</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> لازمِهِ
منعُ ماضيه: «أَوْجَعَه رأسُه» فهل أصابوا في حكمهم؟ أو وهموا؟ و</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 36pt;">عند الرجوع إلى المصادر الأقدم
سينكشف لنا وهمُ المانعين، فهذا الفعل عربي مسموع في زمن الفصاحة،</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> ومنقول في معاجم
بعضها أقدم من الجوهري وبعضها بعده، وهو مسموع في وجع الرأس ووجع الأعضاء في جسد
الإنسان، </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">قال الخليل في العين 2/ 186: «ويُوجِعُني
رأسي»، هكذا ضبطه محققوه، فإن قيل: لعلّهم وهموا في ضبطه فأقول: قال أبو بكر الزُّبيدي
في مختصر العين </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">(وجع) 1/ 195: «وأَوْجَعَه
رأسُهُ يُوجِعُه، وأوْجَعْتُهُ ضربًا» وهذا صريح، لا حاجة له بضبط.</span><br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وروى أبو عمرو الشيباني في الجيم 3/
296 عن الأعرابي السّعدي، قال: «وقال: وَجِعْتُ كذا وكذا ما كان، </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وأَوْجعنِى كذا
وكذا، وأَوْجَعَ فُلانًا رأْسُه وظَهْرُه وما كان» وهذا صريح.</span><br />
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال ابن فارس: «وأنا أَوْجَعُ
رَأسِي، ويُوجِعُنِي رَأْسِي» وهكذا ضبطه عبدالسلام هارون.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال أبو عثمان السرقسطي في كتاب
الأفعال 4/ 225: «يقال: أَوْجَعَ رأسَه يُوْجِعُه، وأَوْجَعَهُ رأسُه، أو بطنه»
وهذا نص صريح.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال نشوان الحميري في شمس العلوم «أوْجَعَهُ
فوَجِعَ، وأوْجَعَه رأسُه.»<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومثل الرأس في الوجع الظهر والبطن
وسائر الأعضاء في الجسد، قال أبو زيد الأنصارِيّ في (نوادره): «يُقَال: قامَ </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">بي
ظَهرِي، أَي: أوجَعَني؛ وقامَت بي عَينايَ؛ وكلُّ ما أوجَعَكَ من جَسَدك فقد قامَ
بك» (النص في التهذيب والتكملة للصغاني مادة (قوم) ولم أقف عليه في النوادر).</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال أبو بكر الأنباري في شرح
المفضليات 869 «والعَرَب تقول: لأُوْجِعَنَّ قُرْبَيك؛ أي: خاصِرَتَيك إلى الإبطِ</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> منك» هكذا ضبطه المحقق المستشرق كارل لايل، وضبطه محقق (الدلائل في غريب الحديث) بفتح
الألف والجيم، ولا شاهد فيه حينئذ.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال أبو عليّ القالي في البارع
(قوم) 515: «يُقال: قام بي ظَهري؛ أي: أَوْجَعَني، وقامت بي عيناي ويداي؛ أي: </span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">أَوْجَعَتْكَ
عيناك، </span><u style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">وكل ما أَوْجَعَك من جسدك</u><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> فقد قام بك»</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال الفارابي في ديوان الأدب 3/ 160:
«وأَمَضَّني الجُرْحُ، أي: أَوْجَعَني»، و«آلمَهُ، أي: أوْجَعَه».<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقال ابن سيده في المحكم (وجع) 2/
205: «وَجِعَ وَجَعًا فهو وَجِعٌ، من قوم وَجْعَى ووَجاعَى ووِجاعٍ وأوْجاعٍ،</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> وأوْجَعْتُه
أنا، </span><u style="font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">ووَجِعَ عضوَهُ: ألِمَه، وأوْجَعَه هُوَ</u><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;">». والرأس من الأعضاء.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">تلك نصوص صريحة في مصادر عالية، وهي
وحدها كافية وافية، <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فإن أردنا طلب الشواهد
فإننا نجد طائفة لا</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> بأس بها، منها قول أبي حيّة النميري (البيت في شعره 140 عن
الحيوان، وانظر: إيضاح شواهد الإيضاح 1/ 79، والمصباح لابن يسعون 1/ 170):</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقد جعلتُ إذا ما قُمْتُ <u>يُوْجِعُني</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>ظهري</u> فقمتُ قيامَ الشّاربِ
السَّكِرِ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقول الأخطل: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يعوذونَ بالسلطانِ مِنّا وكُلُّهُمْ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>كذي
الغارِبِ المنكوبِ <u>أوْجَعَهُ الوَقْرُ</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقوله أيضا:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">دامي الخياشيمِ قد <u>أوْجعْنَ
حاجبَهُ</u> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فهوَ يعاقبُ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>أحيـــاناً <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>فينتصرُ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقول ذي الرمّة:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إِذَا <u>أَوْجَعَتْهُنَّ الْبُرَى</u>
أَوْ تَنَاوَلَتْ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>قوى
الضَّفرِ عنْ أعطافهنَّ الولائدُ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">وقول الشمّاخ بن ضرار، وهو من المجاز:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">إذا أنبضَ الرّامون عنها تَرَنَّمَتْ
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>تَرُنَّمَ ثكلى <u>أَوْجَعتْها الجنائزُ</u><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><u><br /></u></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ومما يؤنس به إضافة إلى ما تقدم من
نصوص العلماء والشواهد تثبت صحّة هذا الفعل المزيد «أوجعه رأسه</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> يُوجِعه» بضم الياء
في المضارع = أنه هو اللغة الغالبة في لهجاتنا في الجزيرة العربية اليوم، نقوله وسمعناه
عن آبائنا وأجدادنا البدو الذين ورثوه عن آبائهم وأجدادهم.</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نعم، فيتضح بعد هذا العرض بطلان حكم الجوهري
في «يُوجِعُني رأسي» ويظهر خطؤه في عزوه إلى العامَّة،</span><span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"> فكيف وافقه تسعة من
المعجميين مع وجود نصوص صريحة لعلماء ثقات وشواهد تنقض زعمهم؟</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; text-indent: 36pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><b>عبدالرزاق الصاعدي</b></span><span dir="LTR"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">المدينة المنورة</span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 20 شوال 1439ـ </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">الموافق 4 يوليو2018م</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-976430472413153609.post-65618786688141002912018-07-01T20:57:00.003+03:002018-07-05T19:18:40.755+03:00مِئةٌ من علماء العربية: الخط الزمني لوفياتهم:<div dir="rtl" style="text-align: right;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b> مِئةٌ من علماء العربية: </b></span><b style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh";">الخط
الزمني لوفياتهم</b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو الأسود الدؤلي، ظالم بن عمرو (ت 69هـ)
</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 2-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">نصر بن عاصم الليثي (ت 89هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 3-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عبدالرحمن بن هرمز المدني (ت 117هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 4-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عبدالله بن أبي إسحاق الحضرمي (ت 117هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 5-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يحيى بن يعمر العدوي (ت 129هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 6-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عيسى بن عمر الثقفي (ت 149هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 7-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو عمرو بن العلاء، زَبَّان بن عَمَّار التميمي
المازني (ت 154هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 8-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي (ت 175هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 9-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">يونس بن حبيب الضبّي (ت 182هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 10-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">سيبويه، أبو بشر عمرو بن عثمان بن قنبر
(ت 180 أو 188هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 11-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الكسائي، عليّ بن حمزة (ت 189هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 12-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">قطرب، محمد بن المستنير (ت 206هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 13-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو زكريا الفرّاء، يحيى بن زياد (207هـ)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 14-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو عبيدة معمر بن المثنى التيمي (208هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 15-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأصمعي، عبدالملك بن قُريب الباهلي
(210هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 16-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو زيد الأنصاري، سعيد بن أوس (215هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 17-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأخفش الأوسط، سعيد بن مَسعدة (ت 215هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 18-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجَرْمي، أبو عمر صالح بن إسحاق (ت
225هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 19-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">محمد بن زياد الأعرابي (231هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 20-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن السِّكّيت، يعقوب بن إسحاق (243هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 21-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">محمد بن حبيب بن أمية بن عمرو الهاشمي
(245هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 22-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المازني، أبو عثمان بكر بن محمد (ت
249هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 23-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو حاتم السجستاني، سهل بن محمد ( ت
250هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 24-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شَمِر بن حمدوية الهروي (255هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 25-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو سعيد السكّري، الحسن بن الحسين العتكيّ
السُّكَّري (275هـ) </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 26-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن قتيبة، عبدالله بن مُسلم الدينوري
(276هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 27-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المبرّد، أبو العبّاس محمد بن يزيد
الثمالي (ت 285هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 28-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ثعلب، أبو العبّاس أحمد بن يحيى (291هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 29-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن كيسان، محمد بن أحمد بن إبراهيم (299هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 30-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">كراع النمل، علي بن الحسن الهُنائي الأزدي
(309هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 31-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو إسحاق الزجّاج، إبراهيم بن السريّ بن
سهل (310 أو 311هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 32-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن السرّاج، أبو بكر محمّد بن السريّ
(316هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 33-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن دريد، محمد بن الحسن الأزدي (321هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 34-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو بكر الأنباري، محمد بن القاسم بن محمد
بن بشار (328هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 35-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو جعفر النحّاس، أحمد بن محمد بن إسماعيل
المرادي المصري (337هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 36-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو القاسم الزجّاجي، عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق
(339 أو 340هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 37-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو عمر الزاهد، غلام ثعلب (345هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 38-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن دُرُسْتُويه النحوي، عبد الله بن جعفر
(347هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 39-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفارابي، إسحاق بن إبراهيم (350هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 40-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
الطيب اللغوي، عبدالواحد بن علي الحلبي (351هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 41-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو عليّ القالي، إسماعيل بن القاسم بن عيذون
(356هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 42-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو سعيد السيرافي، الحسن بن عبدالله بن
المرزبان (368هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 43-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو منصور الأزهري، محمد بن أحمد بن الأزهري
الهروي (370هـ) </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 44-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن خالويه، أبو عبدالله الحسين بن أحمد
بن خالويه (370هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 45-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو عليّ الفارسي الفسوي، أحمد بن
عبدالغفّار (ت 377هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 46-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو بكر الزبيدي، محمدون،الحسن الزبيدي الإشبيلي
(379هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 47-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو أحمد العسكري، الحسن بن عبد الله بن سعيد
العَسْكَري (382هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 48-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو الحسن الرمّاني، علي بن عيسى بن علي بن
عبد الله (384هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 49-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن جنّي، أبو الفتح عثمان بن جني (ت
392هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 50-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن فارس، أحمد بن فارس بن زكرياء القزويني
الرازيّ (395هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 51-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجوهري، إسماعيل بن حمّاد (396 أو
398هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 52-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو هلال العسكري، الحسن بن عبد الله بن سهل
(400هـ)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 53-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن سيده، علي بن إسماعيل (448هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 54-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو العلاء المعرّي، أحمد بن عبد الله بن
سليمان، التنوخيّ (449هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 55-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الواحدي، علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن علي بن مَتُّوية
(468هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 56-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">عبدالقاهر الجرجاني، <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>عبد القاهر بن عبد الرحمن (471هـ) </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 57-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأعلم الشنتمري، يوسف بن سليمان (
476هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 58-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الخطيب التبريزي، يحيى بن علي بن محمد الشيبانيّ
التبريزي (502هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 59-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن القطّاع، علي بن جعفر بن علي السعدي (515هـ)</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 60- الحريري،<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21.4667px; text-indent: -18pt;">القاسم بن علي الحريري (516هـ)</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 61-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن السِّيد البَطَلْيَوسي، عبد الله بن محمد
(521هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 62-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن الطراوة، سليمان بن محمد السبائي المالقي
(ت 528هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 63-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الزمخشري،
جار الله محمود بن عمر (ت 538هـ) </span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 64-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن الشجري، هبة الله<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>علي بن محمد (ت 542هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 65-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن
الدهّان، سعيد بن المبارك بن الدهان (569هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 66-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
البركات الأنباري، عبد الرحمن بن محمد الأنصاري (ت 577هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 67-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن برّي، عبد الله بن بري بن عبد الجبار
المقدسي (582هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 68-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السهيلي،
عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله (ت 583هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 69-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن الأثير، المبارك بن محمد الشيبانيّ الجزري،
أبو السعادات (605هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 70-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الجزولي، عيسى بن عبد العزيز (ت 608هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 71-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن خروف، علي بن محمد بن علي بن محمد الحضرميّ
(ت 609هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 72-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو البقاء العكبري، عبد الله بن الحسين البغدادي
(ت 616هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 73-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن الخبّاز، أحمد بن الحسين الإربلي الموصلي
(ت 639هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 74-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن يعيش، يعيش بن علي (643هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 75-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو عليّ الشلوبين، عمر بن محمد (645هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 76-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن الحاجب، عثمان بن عمر (646هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 77-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصغاني، الحسن بن محمد القرشي (650هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 78-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن عصفور، علي بن مؤمن الحَضْرَمي الإشبيلي
(663هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 79-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن مالك، محمد بن عبد الله الطائي الجيّاني
(672هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 80-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن الضائع، <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>علي بن محمد الكتامي الإشبيلي (680هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 81-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن الناظم، عبدالله بن محمد (686هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 82-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">رضي الدين الاستراباذي، حمد بن الحسن <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(686هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 83-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن أبي الربيع، عبيد الله بن أحمد
(688هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 84-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المالقي، احمد بن عبد النور المالكي (ت
702هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 85-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن منظور، محمد بن مكرم بن علي الأنصاري
الإفريقي (711هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 86-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">أبو
حيّان، محمد بن يوسف الأندلسي (745هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 87-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المرادي، الحسن بن قاسم بن عبد الله المصري
(749هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 88-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">السمين
الحلبي، أحمد بن يوسف بن عبد الدايم الحلبي (756هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 89-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن هشام، عبدالله بن هشام الأنصاري
المصري (761هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 90-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ابن عقيل، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن القرشي
الهامشي (769هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 91-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الفيروزي (الفيروزآبادي) محمد بن يعقوب
(817هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 92-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الدماميني، محمد بن أبي بكر المخزومي القرشي
(827هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 93-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">بدر الدين العيني، محمود بن أحمد بن موسى
(855هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 94-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الأشموني، علي بن محمد بن عيسى (900هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 95-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">خالد الأزهري، خالد بن عبد الله الجرجاويّ
(905هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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الدين السيوطي، <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر (911هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 97-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">شهاب الدين الخفاجي، أحمد بن محمد بن عمر
(1069هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 98-</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">البغدادي، عبد القادر بن عمر <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(1093هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" dir="RTL" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 99-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">المرتضى الزَّبيدي، محمّد بن محمّد بن عبد
الرزّاق الحسيني (1205هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 100-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">الصبّان، أبو العِرفان محمد بن علي
المصري ( 1206هـ)</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>عبدالرزاق
الصاعدي<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "kfgqpc uthman taha naskh"; line-height: 115%;"><b>المدينة
المنورة</b></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "KFGQPC Uthman Taha Naskh";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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